An uncommon complication of a common injury: Acute foot compartment syndrome following an ankle sprain: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Introduction: Acute foot compartment syndrome (FCS) is a rare but potentially devastating complication that can occur following severe trauma of the limbs. In very are cases, such syndrome occurs following minor trauma. We present an exceptional case of acute FCS as a complication of an ankle sprain. Clinical findings: A 32-year-old male patient presented with excruciating foot pain and swelling 48 hours following an ankle sprain. Physical examination revealed severe swelling of the right foot, pale and swollen toes, and tense and pale dorsal skin and severe pain upon passive extension of the toes. Diagnosis: An acute FCS was considered. Intervention and outcomes: The patient underwent a fasciotomy using a double-dorsal incision technique. The patient’s symptoms were controlled, and he was discharged from the hospital 2 days after the surgery. Conclusion: Acute FCS could occur following minor trauma such as an ankle sprain. Early recognition and timely surgical intervention are crucial to prevent severe complications. The diagnosis is primarily clinical and immediate fasciotomy is needed to reduce intracompartment pressure and prevent muscular necrosis and other complications.