An Unconventional Electron Lens

Archard, G D

doi:10.1088/0370-1328/72/1/419

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[9] The relationship was developed based on the behavior of crystalline metals, but has also been shown to describe the behavior of ceramics and even some BMGs. [9] The relationship was developed based on the behavior of crystalline metals, but has also been shown to describe the behavior of ceramics and even some BMGs.…”

Section: Archard's Wear Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where V w is the total volume of material removed by wear, k is the dimensionless wear coefficient, N is the applied normal load, S is the sliding distance, and H is the material hardness. [9] The relationship was developed based on the behavior of crystalline metals, but has also been shown to describe the behavior of ceramics and even some BMGs. [10] In contrast, some studies have also shown BMGs that do not follow Archard's wear law, in particular Zr-and Febased BMGs.…”

Section: Archard's Wear Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8] This is because, for crystalline metals, the sliding wear-resistance is roughly proportional to the materials hardness. [9] Literature on the wear resistance of BMGs tends to show promising results as hardness increases, [6] but it is clear that in some situations, hardness is not sufficient to describe wear behavior. [10,11] Although many tribological studies of BMGs have acknowledged the role of toughness, few have measured it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Bulk Metallic Glasses for Robust, Highly Wear‐Resistant Gears

Hofmann

Andersen²,

Kolodziejska

et al. 2016

Adv Eng Mater

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Despite their promising mechanical properties and ability to be manufactured like plastics, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are slow to emerge as a structural engineering material. Because BMGs properties are highly correlated with processing, it is necessary to test them in a relevant engineering application. In the current work, CuZrbased BMGs are developed with excellent wear performance when used as gears. It is shown that in order to optimize the wear performance of these gears, toughness should be maximized. This contrasts the conventional design strategy, where wear performance increases with increasing hardness. Finally, a new low-cost manufacturing method for casting net-shaped macroscale gears is developed.

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Section: Archard's Wear Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Archard's Wear Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Bulk Metallic Glasses for Robust, Highly Wear‐Resistant Gears

Hofmann

Andersen²,

Kolodziejska

et al. 2016

Adv Eng Mater

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“…He described a four-electrode lens, each of the electrodes producing multipole fields, but concluded that they could not be machined with the necessary precision (Burfoot 1953). Archard (1958) later suggested that the Burfoot design was unnecessarily complicated and that the same result could be achieved with four simpler elements: a combined quadrupole-octopole, a combined round lens and octopole, a second combined quadrupole-octopole and a pure quadrupole.…”

Section: Forty Disappointing Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberration correction past and present

Hawkes

2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

109

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Electron lenses are extremely poor: if glass lenses were as bad, we should see as well with the naked eye as with a microscope! The demonstration by Otto Scherzer in 1936 that skilful lens design could never eliminate the spherical and chromatic aberrations of rotationally symmetric electron lenses was therefore most unwelcome and the other great electron optician of those years, Walter Glaser, never ceased striving to find a loophole in Scherzer's proof. In the wartime and early post-war years, the first proposals for correcting C s were made and in 1947, in a second milestone paper, Scherzer listed these and other ways of correcting lenses; soon after, Dennis Gabor invented holography for the same purpose. These approaches will be briefly summarized and the work that led to the successful implementation of quadupole-octopole and sextupole correctors in the 1990s will be analysed. In conclusion, the elegant role of image algebra in describing image formation and processing and, above all, in developing new methods will be mentioned.

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“…This notion leads to a surface architecture which is perhaps illustrated in its simplest form by Archard [17]. Archard's twodimensional architecture, validated at least in principle by a later discovery of the fractal nature of rough surfaces [18], consists of uniform spherical asperities carrying asperities of smaller radius.…”

Section: (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%