An underlying intercalation ion for fast-switching and stable electrochromism

Zhao, Jinxiong; Wang, Guohua; Zhang, Qin; Rui, Wenming; Qu, Chunyi; Gao, Pengfei

doi:10.1007/s10854-019-01640-2

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Among them, tungsten oxide (WO 3−x ) is considered to be one of the most suitable candidates for commercialization, due to advantages of significant color change, non-toxicity, easy preparation, and resistance to ultraviolet radiation [12][13][14]. The electrochromic mechanism of tungsten oxide is widely accepted as follow [15]: M k+ stands for monovalent ions such as H + , Li + , and Na + , or multivalent ions (e.g., Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ ) [16][17][18]. It is clear that electrochromism of WO 3−x is essentially an interface electrochemical reaction, demanding double injection and extraction of cations and electrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Transport Kinetics of Ions and Electrons Simultaneously by Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Addition for Enhanced Electrochromic Performance

Fang

et al. 2020

Nano-Micro Lett.

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Electrochromic technology plays a significant role in energy conservation, while its performance is greatly limited by the transport behavior of ions and electrons. Hence, an electrochromic system with overall excellent performances still need to be explored. Initially motivated by the high ionic and electronic conductivity of transition metal carbide or nitride (MXene), we design a feasible procedure to synthesize the MXene/WO3−x composite electrochromic film. The consequently boosted electrochromic performances prove that the addition of MXene is an effective strategy for simultaneously enhancing electrons and ions transport behavior in electrochromic layer. The MXene/WO3−x electrochromic device exhibits enhanced transmittance modulation and coloration efficiency (60.4%, 69.1 cm2 C−1), higher diffusion coefficient of Li+ and excellent cycling stability (200 cycles) over the pure WO3−x device. Meanwhile, numerical stimulation theoretically explores the mechanism and kinetics of the lithium ion diffusion, and proves the spatial and time distributions of higher Li+ concentration in MXene/WO3−x composite electrochromic layer. Both experiments and theoretical data reveal that the addition of MXene is effective to promote the transport kinetics of ions and electrons simultaneously and thus realizing a high-performance electrochromic device. This work opens new avenues for electrochromic materials design and deepens the study of kinetics mechanism of ion diffusion in electrochromic devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Transport Kinetics of Ions and Electrons Simultaneously by Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Addition for Enhanced Electrochromic Performance

Fang

et al. 2020

Nano-Micro Lett.

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“…The diffusion coefficient of Mg 2+ is 5.29 × 10 −10 cm 2 s −1 , which is higher than that of H + and Al 3+ in W 18 O 49 NWs, explaining the favorable electrochromic performance enabled by Mg 2+ insertion. [ 71 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Progress and Outlook of Multivalent‐Ion‐Based Electrochromism

Xu,

Chen,

Ding

et al. 2023

Small Science

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Electrochromic technology has witnessed numerous achievements in recent years both in research and commercialization. Electrochromic devices (ECD) based on different electrochemical mechanism have been developed for various applications, ranging from smart windows, thermal management, rear views, display, camouflage, etc. Compared to conventional ECDs based on monovalent charge carriers (e.g., H+, Li+), incorporating multivalent ions with rich electrochemistry, high charge density, and small ionic radius has opened new possibilities in novel ECDs. The merits of multivalent ions are harvested in ECDs activated by ion intercalation/deintercalation (e.g., Zn2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Mg2+), reversible metal electrodeposition (e.g., Cu2+, Bi3+, Zn2+), and dynamic metal–ligand interactions (e.g., Cu2+, Fe2+). Herein, the working mechanism, characteristics, and up‐to‐date achievements in multivalent ECDs are summarized and classified accordingly. The applications of multivalent ECDs for smart windows, energy storage, thermal management, multicolor displays, etc., are exemplified. The issues and challenges encountered by multivalent ECDs are emphasized, and the future directions for developing multivalent ECDs are also summarized. The aim of this review is to inspire more efforts in the exploration and the proliferation of multivalent ECDs.

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Multivalent‐Ion Electrochromic Energy Saving and Storage Devices

Tong,

Zhu,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Electrochromic devices (ECDs) show promising applications in various fields including energy‐saving smart windows, energy‐recycling batteries/supercapacitors, displays, thermal management, etc. Compared to monovalent cations (H+, Li+, Na+, and K+), multivalent‐ion carriers (Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and Al3+) can enable the ECDs with high optical contrast, high energy‐recycling capability, and attractive long‐term stability because of the multiple‐electron transfer redox. Additionally, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Al3+‐based ECDs assembled with metal anodes are exploited for applications in EC electronics, EC mirrors, flexible devices, etc. Attempts to develop multivalent‐ion ECDs can be traced to 2013. However, since 2017, the research activity in this field has surged in the world. Despite the fascinating achievements, there is still a long way from their maturity due to challenges related to the limited electrode materials and electrolytes, as well as the obscure multivalent‐ion redox mechanisms. This review aims to discuss 1) the EC mechanisms of electrode materials with multivalent ions, 2) the advantageous functionalities of multivalent‐ion ECDs, and 3) strategies developed for exploring electrode materials, electrolytes, and ECD structures. Additionally, future perspectives for remaining challenges and corresponding strategies for developing multivalent‐ion ECDs with designed functionalities are discussed.

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An underlying intercalation ion for fast-switching and stable electrochromism

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Boosting Transport Kinetics of Ions and Electrons Simultaneously by Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Addition for Enhanced Electrochromic Performance

Boosting Transport Kinetics of Ions and Electrons Simultaneously by Ti3C2Tx (MXene) Addition for Enhanced Electrochromic Performance

The Progress and Outlook of Multivalent‐Ion‐Based Electrochromism

Multivalent‐Ion Electrochromic Energy Saving and Storage Devices

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