ten
Clinical note
Reversible causes for epileptic spasmsDrugs such as theophylline 57 or anti-allergic agents of hista mine H 1 -receptor antagonists, particularly ketotifen, 58 may induce epileptic spasms and hypsar rhythmia that are entirely reversible upon drug withdrawal.Pyridoxine dependency, which is treatable, can in rare instances present with epileptic spasms. This is most likely when other seizure types have occurred before the onset of spasms. 46
AetiologyThe aetiology is multiple and diverse. Aetiologically, West syndrome is classified, in order of preva lence, as symptomatic (about 80% of all) due to discernible organic insults, and cryptogenic or idiopathic