An Unobtrusive and Non-Contact Method for Respiratory Measurement With Respiratory Region Detecting Algorithm Based on Depth Images

Assessment of respiratory function allows early detection of potential disorders in the respiratory system and provides useful information for medical management. There is a wide range of applications for breathing assessment, from measurement systems in a clinical environment to applications involving athletes. Many studies on pulmonary function testing systems and breath monitoring have been conducted over the past few decades, and their results have the potential to broadly impact clinical practice. However, most of these works require physical contact with the patient to produce accurate and reliable measures of the respiratory function. There is still a significant shortcoming of non-contact measuring systems in their ability to fit into the clinical environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the current advances and systems in respiratory function assessment, particularly camera-based systems. A classification of the applicable research works is presented according to their techniques and recorded/quantified respiration parameters. In addition, the current solutions are discussed with regards to their direct applicability in different settings, such as clinical or home settings, highlighting their specific strengths and limitations in the different environments.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Methods and Camera-Based Sensors for the Quantification of Respiration

Rehouma

Noumeir

Essouri

et al. 2020

“…Chest or abdomen movement based approaches measure respiratory rate by sensing the vibrations [14], pressure changes [15][16][17][18][19], displacement changes [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], or bioelectrical signals [34,35] caused by chest or abdomen movements during respirations. These approaches can provide respiration monitoring at fixed locations [14][15][16][17][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], such as specific beds, mattresses, and rooms, or in wearable ways [18][19][20][30][31][32][33][34][35]. However, due to the coupling of respiratory motion and other body movements, reducing the influence of artefacts caused by other body movements i...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Accurate, Cost-Effective, Ultra-Low-Power and Non-Invasive Respiration Monitoring: A Reusable Wireless Wearable Sensor for an Off-the-Shelf KN95 Mask

Tang

et al. 2021

Respiratory rate is a critical vital sign that indicates health condition, sleep quality, and exercise intensity. This paper presents a non-invasive, ultra-low-power, and cost-effective wireless wearable sensor, which is installed on an off-the-shelf KN95 mask to facilitate respiration monitoring. The sensing principle is based on the periodic airflow temperature variations caused by exhaled hot air and inhaled cool air in respiratory cycles. By measuring the periodic temperature variations at the exhalation valve of mask, the respiratory parameters can be accurately and reliably detected, regardless of body movements and breathing pathways through nose or mouth. Specifically, we propose a voltage divider with controllable resistors and corresponding selection criteria to improve the sensitivity of temperature measurement, a peak detection algorithm with spline interpolation to increase sampling period without reducing the detection accuracy, and effective low-power optimization measures to prolong the battery life. The experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed sensor, showing a small mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.449 bpm and a very low power consumption of 131.4 μW. As a high accuracy, low cost, low power, and reusable miniature wearing device for convenient respiration monitoring in daily life, the proposed sensor holds promise in real-world feasibility.

“…The camera system can monitor vital signs through the use of RGB cameras, IR cameras, and depth cameras. With algorithms for the post-processing of acquired video data, the heart and breathing rates are obtained unobtrusively and comfortably in both adults and neonates [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Motion information from optical flow has been applied to the diagnosis of neonatal seizures [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact Monitoring of Fetal Movement Using Abdominal Video Recording

Qiao

Hao

Yang

et al. 2023

Fetal movement (FM) is an important indicator of fetal health. However, the current methods of FM detection are unsuitable for ambulatory or long-term observation. This paper proposes a non-contact method for monitoring FM. We recorded abdominal videos from pregnant women and then detected the maternal abdominal region within each frame. FM signals were acquired by optical flow color-coding, ensemble empirical mode decomposition, energy ratio, and correlation analysis. FM spikes, indicating the occurrence of FMs, were recognized using the differential threshold method. FM parameters including number, interval, duration, and percentage were calculated, and good agreement was found with the manual labeling performed by the professionals, achieving true detection rate, positive predictive value, sensitivity, accuracy, and F1_score of 95.75%, 95.26%, 95.75%, 91.40%, and 95.50%, respectively. The changes in FM parameters with gestational week were consistent with pregnancy progress. In general, this study provides a novel contactless FM monitoring technology for use at home.