This review explores the causes of scapula winging, with overview of the relevant anatomy, proposed aetiology and treatment. Particular focus is given to lesions of the long thoracic nerve, which is reported to be the most common aetiological factor.
INTRODUCTIONScapular winging is painful and incapacitating [1,2]. The composite movements of the scapula in rotation, abduction and tilting are essential for normal shoulder function and, if this anchored gliding of the scapula (against the posterior chest wall) is lost, then shoulder abduction can be limited to 90• C or less and the ability