An unusual kinship case from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): Ancient versus degraded sample’s investigation

Gomes, Cláudia; Fondevila, Maria; Magaña-Loarte, C.; Fernández-Jiménez, J.; Fernández‐Serrano, José; Palomo-Díez, Sara; Baeza-Richer, Carlos; López-Parra, Ana Marı́a; Arroyo-Pardo, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.140

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Genetic analysis of ancient human remains is challenging due to the loss of genetic material over time, particularly when biological tissues are not perfectly conserved. One of the fields that have contributed most to the genetic analysis of ancient human remains has been forensic genetics (Capelli et al 2003;Palomo-Díez et al 2018;Gomes et al 2019), through the implementation of various extraction techniques adapted to different burial circumstances, and different amplification techniques, including the "inhibition" factor in addition to the factors of the scarcity and fragmentation of genetic material (Caragine et al 2013;Gomes et al 2017;Huang et al 2021). The development of specific software, which takes into account, for example, allelic dropout, is also an important factor to consider when carrying out the statistical interpretation of ancient data.…”

Section: The Genetic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Family in Medieval Society: A Bioarchaeological Perspective

Gomes,

Curto

2024

Genealogy

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One of the periods with the greatest social, cultural, and religious changes was, without a doubt, the European medieval period. The concept of “Family” was one of the fields that gradually evolved, from individuals who shared the same biological lineage, to members of the same “House”. One of the ways to study the concept of “Family” in ancient periods is through a bioarchaeological perspective, where both anthropology and genetics have proven to be essential disciplines for studying “Families”. Through burial rituals, observing whether the graves were single or multiple, as is carried out in the study of human remains, we discuss the profound contribution of anthropology to the “Family” investigation, through mobility studies, the investigation of biological sex, observing certain congenital anomalies or, even, the study of certain ancient infectious diseases. Concerning genetics, the study of bones or teeth allows us to determine whether individuals were from the same close family or if they belonged to the same lineage through the maternal and paternal sides, being one of the only scientific ways of proposing social relationships between individuals, such as that created through adoption.

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Section: The Genetic Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Family in Medieval Society: A Bioarchaeological Perspective

Gomes,

Curto

2024

Genealogy

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“…This usually occurs in samples with a low DNA concentration, either because their natural DNA concentration is very low (urine, feces), or because they have undergone a degradation process that has caused a loss of DNA concentration. For this reason, forensic geneticists try to study samples that are more resistant to biological degradation, resulting in a lower probability of allelic dropout, for example, dental samples, the petrous part of the temporal bone or long bones (Gomes et al 2019a;Gomes 2020;Soniya and Kumar 2022).…”

Section: Allelic Dropout As a Consequence Of Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of Genetic Identification and Kinship Analysis in Human and Natural Catastrophes—A Review

Real-Picado,

Díaz,

Gomes

2023

Genealogy

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Different types of disasters, whether natural or human in character, lead to the significant loss of human lives. In the latter case, the quick action of identification of corpses and human remains is mandatory. There are a variety of protocols to identify victims; however, genetics is one of the tools that allows an exact identification of the victim. However, several factors may interfere with this identification, from the biological samples’ degradation not allowing the analysis of nuclear information, to failure to dispose of biological samples from family members. Access to certain family members could be a determinant of the proper choice of genetic markers that allow the identification of the victim, or his/her inclusion in a given genetic maternal or paternal lineage. New advances in the field of genetics are soon expected to allow for the identification of victims from disasters with only their biological postmortem samples; it may also be possible to draw a robot portrait of a victim’s most likely physical characteristics. In all cases, genetics is the only modern tool with universal character and can be used in essentially all biological samples, giving and identification of more or less accurate statistical character, depending on whether nuclear or lineage markers are used.

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“…Taking as an example the Spanish Civil War (1936War ( -1939, considered the military preparation for the Second World War, several graves are, gradually, being studied (Baeta et al 2019a(Baeta et al , 2019bC. Gomes et al 2019aC.…”

Section: Civil and Family Involvement In The Identification Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difficulties in Kinship Analysis for Victims’ Identification in Armed Conflicts

et al. 2023

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Regarding human identification in armed conflicts, various complications can be observed. Usually, such difficulties can be social-related, which can include the lack of access to the relative’s genetic material, or the unwillingness of administrative and judicial authorities to participate in the process of identification. In the case of genetics, the analysis allows identifying the individual from a blood sample, a part of an organ, or from skeletal remains, which is why it is considered a much more extensive and effective method when compared with fingerprint techniques or odontology. However, several factors can prevent this identification, such as considerably degraded genetic material. For successful identification, it is mandatory to have access to antemortem biological samples unequivocally attributed to the individual in question, using recombinant nuclear markers, as well as using biological samples from close relatives, whether parents or sons. Nevertheless, the problems associated with armed conflicts make this type of study very difficult. In this article, we focus on the main difficulties encountered when identifying an individual victim of an armed conflict, as well as on the possibilities that exist and on viable measures that could be required to improve the identification of these victims.

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An unusual kinship case from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): Ancient versus degraded sample’s investigation

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Family in Medieval Society: A Bioarchaeological Perspective

Family in Medieval Society: A Bioarchaeological Perspective

Relevance of Genetic Identification and Kinship Analysis in Human and Natural Catastrophes—A Review

Difficulties in Kinship Analysis for Victims’ Identification in Armed Conflicts

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