An unusual lung mass post stem cell transplantation

Lyons, Judith; Vandenberghe, Elisabeth; Fahy, Ruairi J.; McDonnell, Caoimhe; Keane, Joseph; McLaughlin, Anne Marie

doi:10.1111/tid.12257

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…(C) Follow-up CT after 4 months of CBT. No relapse of NTM infection was observed throughout or after CBT to have various clinical conditions such as lymphadenopathy (most are mediastinal, paratracheal lymph nodes), cutaneous and liver mass lesions, pneumonia, non-caseating granulomas in bone marrow 1,2,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, NTM is rare as a fever cause in patients with hematological disorders during chemotherapy such as in this case.…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…We have compiled known case reports of M kansasii infection associated with hematological disorders (Table 1). 1,2,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The cause of death was intestinal obstruction (case #4) or septic shock caused by non-M kansasii-causing bacteria (case #3), but all deaths were disseminated infections. The mortality rate of disseminated M kansasii infection was 60.3%, 9 which is a poor prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Successful cord blood transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome complicated by Mycobacterium kansasii pneumonia

Yamada

Akahane

Katagiri

et al. 2021

Transplant Infectious Dis

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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is a rare cause of neutropenic fever in patients with hematological malignancies. There are few studies on the optimal management for such patients with NTM. We report a case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) treated by umbilical cord blood transplantation (CBT) after Mycobacterium kansasii (M kansasii) pneumonia. A 38-year-old man diagnosed with MDS developed severe pneumonia during induction chemotherapy. Repeated sputum culture uncovered mycobacterium infection. Then, by the polymerase chain reaction of the bronchial lavage fluid, M kansasii infection was proven. After 140 days of anti-NTM therapy, CBT was successfully carried out and the patient recovered without recurrence of NTM infection. This case provides valuable evidence that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is feasible after a reliable diagnosis and continuous anti-NTM therapy. K E Y W O R D S cord blood transplantation, Mycobacterium kansasii, myelodysplastic syndrome, nontuberculous mycobacterial disease How to cite this article: Yamada A, Akahane D, Katagiri S, et al. Successful cord blood transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome complicated by Mycobacterium kansasii pneumonia.

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confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful cord blood transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome complicated by Mycobacterium kansasii pneumonia

Yamada

Akahane

Katagiri

et al. 2021

Transplant Infectious Dis

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“…Hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathies have been found in only 8% of patients with M. kansasii lung disease, and the most common pulmonary radiographic findings are nodules and consolidation [6]. There have been several case reports of M. kansasii infection in hematologic patients; 6 cases in hairy cell leukemia patients, 1 in a chronic myelogenous leukemia patient, 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient, 1 in a follicular lymphoma patient, and 1 in a hemophagocytic syndrome patient [13141516]. Of these 10 cases, 6 cases were disseminated infection with lung involvement, 2 cases were pneumonia, and 2 cases were skin infection [13141516].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium kansasiiPneumonia with Mediastinal Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Successful Treatment to Stem Cell Transplantation

et al. 2017

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Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is a relatively rare cause of neutropenic fever in patients with hematologic malignancies. During the neutropenic period, performing invasive procedures for microbiological or pathological confirmation is difficult. In addition, the optimal treatment duration for NTM disease in patients with leukemia, especially prior to stem cell transplantation (SCT), has not been documented. Therefore, we report a case of pneumonia with necrotizing lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium kansasii diagnosed during chemotherapy being performed for acute myeloid leukemia. The radiologic findings were similar to those of invasive fungal pneumonia; however, a bronchoalveolar washing fluid culture confirmed that the pathogen was M. kansasii. After 70 days from starting NTM treatment, allogeneic SCT was performed without any complications. The patient fully recovered after 12 months of NTM treatment, and neither reactivation of M. kansasii infection nor related complications were reported.

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“…A main first-line treatment in the Unites States has been a regimen that includes three anti-TB drugs (typically rifampin or rifabutin, ethambutol, and isoniazid) daily until the patient has at least 12 months of negative sputum cultures while on therapy (Griffith et al, 2007;Philley & Griffith, 2015). Mk isolates resistant to TB drugs have been reported (Brown-Elliott et al, 2012;Lyons et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2009;Yamada et al, 1997). In particular, resistance to rifampin, a drug which has a key role in the multidrug treatment of Mk infections, correlates with higher rates of treatment failure and relapse (Brown-Elliott et al, 2012;Griffith et al, 2007;Wu et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Transposon mutagenesis in Mycobacterium kansasii links a small RNA gene to colony morphology and biofilm formation and identifies 9,885 intragenic insertions that do not compromise colony outgrowth

et al. 2020

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Mycobacterium kansasii (Mk) is a resilient opportunistic human pathogen that causes tuberculosis‐like chronic pulmonary disease and mortality stemming from comorbidities and treatment failure. The standard treatment of Mk infections requires costly, long‐term, multidrug courses with adverse side effects. The emergence of drug‐resistant isolates further complicates the already challenging drug therapy regimens and threatens to compromise the future control of Mk infections. Despite the increasingly recognized global burden of Mk infections, the biology of this opportunistic pathogen remains essentially unexplored. In particular, studies reporting gene function or generation of defined mutants are scarce. Moreover, no transposon (Tn) mutagenesis tool has been validated for use in Mk, a situation limiting the repertoire of genetic approaches available to accelerate the dissection of gene function and the generation of gene knockout mutants in this poorly characterized pathogen. In this study, we validated the functionality of a powerful Tn mutagenesis tool in Mk and used this tool in conjunction with a forward genetic screen to establish a previously unrecognized role of a conserved mycobacterial small RNA gene of unknown function in colony morphology features and biofilm formation. We also combined Tn mutagenesis with next‐generation sequencing to identify 12,071 Tn insertions that do not compromise viability in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated the susceptibility of the Galleria mellonella larva to Mk, setting the stage for further exploration of this simple and economical infection model system to the study of this pathogen.

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An unusual lung mass post stem cell transplantation

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Successful cord blood transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome complicated by Mycobacterium kansasii pneumonia

Successful cord blood transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome complicated by Mycobacterium kansasii pneumonia

Mycobacterium kansasiiPneumonia with Mediastinal Lymphadenitis in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Successful Treatment to Stem Cell Transplantation

Transposon mutagenesis in Mycobacterium kansasii links a small RNA gene to colony morphology and biofilm formation and identifies 9,885 intragenic insertions that do not compromise colony outgrowth

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