An Unusual Type of Top-Kill of Ponderosa Pine

Salman, K. A.

doi:10.1093/jee/31.5.613

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Damage done by confertus is generally negligible but Salman (1938) reports that the species (along with conJini,s) was responsible for killing the tops of large, mature ponderosa pine which had been left as seed trees in a cut-over area. The beetles killed the top 2 ft or more of trees that were apparently completely healthy.…”

Section: Confertus Grol]pmentioning

confidence: 99%

TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUSPITYOPHTHORUSEICHHOFF IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Bright¹

1981

Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can.

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A revision of the species in the genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff in North and Central America is presented. The limits of Pityophthorus are expanded to include the species previously placed in Gnatholeptus Blackman. This unit is maintained as a subgenus. One additional subgenus is described, Hypopityophthorus, for P. debilis Wood and P. inops Wood. The genus contains 220 species in North and Central America. The principal subgenus Pityophthorus is divided into 47 species groups. New species are: micans (Mexico), sapineus (Mexico), miniatus (Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico), pubifrons (Mexico), and acceptus (British Columbia, Wyoming). New synonymy is proposed as follows: P. deletus LeConte (= P. dolus Wood); P. exquisitus (Blackman) n. comb. (= P. inceptis Wood); P. intextus (= P. ornatus Blackman and P. limatus Wood); P. balsameus Blackman (= P. angustus Blackman) and P. indigens Wood (= P. irritans Schedl). Five species are given new status as subspecies: P. tuberculatus Eichhoff as a subsp. of P. pulchellus Eichhoff; P. subopacus Blackman as a subsp. of P. segnis Blackman; P. bellus Blackman as a subsp. of P. confusus Blandford; P. agnatus Blackman as a subsp. of P. confertus Swaine, and P. aurulentus Bright as a subsp. of P. murrayanae Blackman.The monograph includes an historical review, a discussion of diagnostic characters, and a discussion of the general biology of species in the genus. Keys to subgenera, species groups, and species are provided. Each species is described and many are illustrated, and all known bionomic and distributional data are included. Distribution records of many species are mapped.

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Section: Confertus Grol]pmentioning

confidence: 99%

TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUSPITYOPHTHORUSEICHHOFF IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Bright¹

1981

Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can.

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“…Widespread top-killing of ponderosa pine in California has occurred in stands of different compositions in both virgin and cutover stands, with beetles selecting the thriftiest Table 1-Comparison of the heights of uninfested and top-killed trees. Analysis variable is the difference between the uninfested tree height and the top-killed tree height (uninfested tree height minus top-killed tree height) trees to a greater degree than less thrifty trees (Salman 1938). In addition, Salman reported that trees having stag tops were apparently the result of old Pityophthorus attacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Top-kill of ponderosa pine, Dixie National Forest, Utah /

Rasmussen¹

1992

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“…Species of the genus Pityophthorus are secondary pests that invade weakened trees or withering parts of trees [5]. Only a few reports have documented Pityophthorus bark beetles as primary pests of mature trees: P. confertus Swaine, 1917 and P. confinis LeConte, 1876 caused the deaths of several dozen Pinus ponderosa in the U.S.A. [6]; infestation of healthy Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) twigs by P. orarius Bright, 1968 reduced tree fertility [7]; and P. carmeli Swaine, In Europe, the most common species in this genus is P. pityographus Ratzeburg, 1837, which occurs in high abundance on all species of European conifers, mostly on thin branches <2 cm in diameter [2,9,10]. Economic damage caused by this species has been previously reported only once [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Pityogenes chalcographus and Pityophthorus pityographus on Spruce Seedlings Resulting from Inappropriate Management in a Forest Nursery

Fiala

Holuša

2022

Forests

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In this report, we describe a local outbreak of small bark beetles on 4-year-old seedlings of Picea abies in a forest nursery in Central Europe in 2021. In March 2022, 10–50% of the seedlings were “dry” (i.e., with dry and easily broken twigs and with easily peeled bark) in each 4-row bed in the nursery. Half of the dry plants were completely covered by galleries of bark beetles and another 35% of the seedlings were with one or two bark beetle galleries. Almost 90% of the beetles found on the affected seedlings were Pityogenes chalcographus, and only 10% were Pityophthorus pityographus (we studied 100 seedlings in the second bed). The chipping of Picea pungens in previous years had left many felled trunks, branches, and other logging residues in the area. These residues are covered by galleries of both bark beetles. We suggest that, after multiplying on the logging residues, the beetles could not find suitable material for reproduction and were lured to the nursery seedlings, which had been weakened by location (a location that provided inadequate shade and no wind protection) and by repeated replanting.

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An Unusual Type of Top-Kill of Ponderosa Pine

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUSPITYOPHTHORUSEICHHOFF IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUSPITYOPHTHORUSEICHHOFF IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Top-kill of ponderosa pine, Dixie National Forest, Utah /

Outbreak of Pityogenes chalcographus and Pityophthorus pityographus on Spruce Seedlings Resulting from Inappropriate Management in a Forest Nursery

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