An Up-to-Date Review: Microspheres as a New Drug Delivery System

DESNITA, RISE; NOVIANA, EKA; ZAI, KHADIJAH; SAIFULLAH SULAIMAN, TEUKU NANDA

doi:10.22159/ijap.2023v15i6.49120

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 90 publications

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“…Microspheres have numerous advantages: they have minimal adverse effects, longer therapeutic effects, require fewer doses and provide more uniform drug absorption. In addition, they are adaptable, provide effective encapsulation and are cost-effective [12].…”

Section: Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Generics as a Trend of Modern Pharmaceutical Development

N. B.,

E. O.,

M. N.

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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In the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry development, manufacturers expand their product portfolios by updating generic drugs. Complex Generics (CG) or Nonbiological Generic Drugs (NBGD) contain known pharmaceutical substances are out of patent protection and are made by using new technologies, excipients, nanocarriers, dosage form modernization, etc. These drugs are developed in the patients’ interests to improve their life quality and increase drugs’ efficacy and safety. The article discusses the categories and characteristics of CG, shows examples available on the pharmaceutical market, API and dosage forms. This article discusses approaches to quality control that pose challenges for developers and regulators. The fundamental importance of the innovative drugs manufacturing process and the ingredients standardization in the dosage forms formulations to create the standard product are indicated. First, a comprehensive control of polymers is required as an important tool to make the necessary pharmacokinetics. The influence degree on the API release and the effectiveness of dosage form (DF) depends on the polymer’s physicochemical characteristics. In this regard, it is important to create databases of these excipients accessible to developers containing information about properties, use, dosages and safety. In view of the complexity structure and manufacturing processes of the NBGD and insufficiency of pharmacopeial requirements for standard approaches for resolving issues of comparability and bioequivalence the current regulatory documents should be expanded and revise for a correct quality assessment. There is a need to create new scientific and regulatory roadmaps for the development and approval of complex generic drugs.

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Section: Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Generics as a Trend of Modern Pharmaceutical Development

N. B.,

E. O.,

M. N.

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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Enhancing Cell Metabolic Activity Using Microparticles Containing Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris, Linn) Extract

SUKMAWATI,

NURWAINI,

AZIMAH

et al. 2024

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of delivering beetroot (Beta vulgaris, Linn) juice extract, which contains antioxidants, using Ethyl Cellulose (EC) and chitosan microparticles on cell metabolic activity.Methods: The beetroot extract microparticles were produced by using EC and chitosan as a matrix. Different concentrations of the matrix were used in the primary solution during microparticles preparation. The physical characterisation was conducted, including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and zeta potential. The entrapment of the active substance was measured using the Encapsulation Efficiency (EE) and Drug Loading (DL). The Vero cell was treated with EC and chitosan microparticles for 28 d and the cell metabolic activity was measured using resazurin assay. Results: The findings indicated that the entrapment of beetroot extract in microparticles was affected by the concentration of EC and chitosan. The delivery of an antioxidant substance from beetroot extract resulted in an increase in cell metabolic activity indicated by cells proliferation from day 7 to day 21, in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: The antioxidant as an active compound from beetroot juice extract were successfully delivered to the cell via the EC and chitosan microparticle indicated by impact on metabolic activity. The metabolic activity of the cell is influenced by the quantity of active substance contained within the microparticle and the type of polymer used as the microparticle matrix. The EC microparticle demonstrated a greater capacity to stimulate cell metabolic activity in comparison to chitosan microparticles.

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A Review on Microspheres as a Promising Drug Carrier

Yadav,

Mandhare,

Jadhav

et al. 2024

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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The targeted drug delivery is designed for endeavouring to concentrate the drug in the tissues of curiosity while reducing relative concentration of medication in the remaining tissues. There for drug is localized on the targeted site. Hence, surrounding tissues are not affected by the drug. Controlled drug delivery systems can overcome the issues associated with conventional medication therapy and improve a drug's therapeutic efficacy. Microspheres are free-flowing powders made of proteins or synthetic polymers with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 1000 µm. The multiplicity of techniques for preparing microspheres provides numerous chances to manage elements of drug administration and improve the therapeutic efficacy of a certain medicine. There are several techniques for delivering a medicinal chemical to the target region in a prolonged controlled release manner. Microspheres contain a drug encased in a unique polymeric membrane, making them ideal for novel drug delivery strategies such as diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene and genetic materials, safe and effective in vivo delivery, and supplements as miniature versions of diseased organs and tissues. Keywords: Microspheres, Controlled release Therapeutic effectiveness, novel medication delivery.

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An Up-to-Date Review: Microspheres as a New Drug Delivery System

Cited by 3 publications

References 90 publications

Complex Generics as a Trend of Modern Pharmaceutical Development

Complex Generics as a Trend of Modern Pharmaceutical Development

Enhancing Cell Metabolic Activity Using Microparticles Containing Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris, Linn) Extract

A Review on Microspheres as a Promising Drug Carrier

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