An update clinical application of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) in cancer cell therapy and tissue engineering

Abstract

Recent studies have elucidated that cell-based therapies are promising for cancer treatments. The human amniotic fluid stem (AFS) cells are advantageous cells for such therapeutic schemes that can be innately changed to express therapeutic proteins. HAFSCs display a natural tropism to cancer cells in vivo. They can be useful in cancer cells targeting. Moreover, they are easily available from surplus diagnostic samples during pregnancy and less ethical and legal concern are associated with the collection and application than other putative cells are subjected. This review will designate representatives of amniotic fluid and stem cell derived from amniotic fluid. For this propose, we collect state of human AFS cells data applicable in cancer therapy by dividing this approach into two main classes (nonengineered and engineered based approaches). Our study shows the advantage of AFS cells over other putative cells types in terms differentiation ability to a wide range of cells by potential and effective use in preclinical studies for a variety of diseases. This study has shown the elasticity of human AFS cells and their favorable potential as a multipotent cell source for regenerative stem cell therapy and capable of giving rise to multiple lineages including such as osteoblasts and adipocyte.

The human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells therapy on, SKOV3, ovarian cancer cell line

“…These cells can be obtained by amniocentesis in the second trimester or end of pregnancy (Babaei, Gholizadeh Ghaleh Aziz, Alipour, & Naderi, 2018;. It distinctive characteristics include having high self-renewal and expression of OCT4, SOX2, PEX1, NANOG, LEFTY2, CRLPTO, and FGF-4 which fortunately are also self-renewal and pluripotency markers ; differentiating capacity of all cells into the three embryonic germ layers; positive for mesenchymal markers such as CD105 (SH2), CD73 (SH3/4), CD90, and CD166, but negative for hematopoietic markers CD31 and CD45 (Gholizadeh-Ghalehaziz, Farahzadi, Fathi, & Pashaiasl, 2015). Furthermore, hAFMSCs have low immunogenicity, anti-inflammation and nontumorigenic characteristics.…”

“…Furthermore, hAFMSCs have low immunogenicity, anti‐inflammation and nontumorigenic characteristics. It also maintains its telomere length, forms colony in culture, as well as being kept for many population doublings (more than 250) (Gholizadeh‐Ghaleh Aziz et al, ). Its tumor tropism as seen in vivo experiments has opened new perspectives for cancer cell therapies (Kim et al, ; You et al, ).…”

Application of nanomaterials in three‐dimensional stem cell culture

“…Stem cells are the “master cells” of tissues and organs of the body, which undergo differentiation to serve mainly for restoration or replacement of worn out, injured, or diseased cells of various tissues and organs , such as heart, bone marrow, brain, muscle tissues, skin, and so on, and have been adapted for their regenerative roles . There are two major types of stem cell in mammals: embryonic stem cells (ESC) which are somatic cells capable of differentiating to become part of all cell types found in tissues and organs of the body such as heart, nervous, immune system, etc, therefore, have been termed is pluripotent .…”

Bidirectional and Opposite Effects of Naïve Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ontumor Growth and Progression

“…MSCs have an inherent tendency to migrate toward inflammatory sites, primary tumor sites and metastatic foci via chemotaxis. 10,11 Only a minor subpopulation of non-tumor cells within the tumor tissues are MSCs and this has been estimated to be about 0.01-1.1 percent of the total number of cells. 12 Despite the fact that, almost a small number of MSCsare present in the tumor tissues they have important role in determining the fate of tumor cells.…”