An update of laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Somily, Ali M.; Morshed, Muhammad

doi:10.3855/jidc.5842

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Somily et al . [21] reviewed the Saudi Arabia literature on H. pylori and described the utilization of different diagnostic methods. No recommendations exist from Saudi Arabia and gastroenterologists and other physicians mostly rely on test recommendations from either European or Western countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of invasive and noninvasive methods of Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis in Saudi children

Hasosah

2019

Saudi J Gastroenterol

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Background/Aim: Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection is one of the most common chronic infections in the world. The prevalence of H. pylori is high in Saudi Arabia, but there are no studies in children on the accuracy of invasive and noninvasive methods to diagnose H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of six methods for diagnosis of H. pylori infection; four invasive [rapid urease test (RUT), histology, antral nodularity (AD), and biopsy culture (BC)] and two noninvasive methods [serologic test and stool antigen test (SAT)]. Patients and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed among symptomatic children in National Guard hospitals who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy from 2010 to 2013. The gold standard diagnosis of H. pylori was positive tissue culture. If the culture was unsuccessful or not done, concordant-positive results for histology and RUT were considered to indicate a positive H. pylori . The variables analyzed as diagnostic methods included RUT, BC, histology, AD, serologic test, and SAT. Results: A total of 303 children were included in the study. The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 49.8%. Most diagnostic tests showed high specificity and moderate-to-low sensitivity when compared to the gold standard test. Sensitivity of AD, SAT, and RUT to detect H. pylori were 62% (95% CI: 0.51–0.74), 69% (95% CI: 0.58–0.79), and 87% (95% CI: 0.79–0.95), respectively ( P value 0.040, 0.0023, and <0.0001, respectively). RUT showed the lowest specificity, 65% (95% CI: 0.58–0.71) in contrast to BC and histology which showed moderate-to-high specificities of 88% (95% CI: 0.82–0.95) and 89% (95% CI: 0.82–0.95), respectively ( P <0.0001). Conclusion: RUT is a valuable diagnostic method for identifying H. pylori with the highest sensitivity compared to AD and SAT. All diagnostic tests showed moderate-to-high specificities but BC and histology showed the highest specificity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of invasive and noninvasive methods of Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis in Saudi children

Hasosah

2019

Saudi J Gastroenterol

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“…Importantly, serology is an affordable method and can be useful to exclude infection [65]. Serologic tests using urine or saliva samples have also been considered, but their usefulness was limited by the reduced accuracy of the results [66].…”

Section: Non-invasive Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it is well-accepted that studies should consider the difference in the approach to diagnosis between children and adults and, therefore, future studies involving children must include noninvasive diagnostic methods. Finally, the existing guidelines from the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition or the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition are not applicable in areas with high prevalence of H. pylori infection, such as the MENA region, which further emphasize the need for new local guidelines [66].…”

Section: Guidelines For the Diagnosis Of H Pylori Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Diagnostic Methods in the Middle East and North Africa Region

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is common worldwide and may cause gastroduodenal complications, including cancer. In this review, we examine the prevalence and distribution of various H. pylori genotypes and the risk factors for H. pylori infection, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We also introduce different global screening methods and guidelines and compare them to those currently in use in the MENA region. Materials and Methods: We searched the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Saudi Digital Library (SDL) databases for clinical trials and articles published in English. The data collection was mainly focused on MENA countries. However, for H. pylori genotypes and diagnostic methods, studies conducted in other regions or reporting global practices and guidelines were also included to allow a comparison with those in the MENA region. We also included studies examining the prevalence of H. pylori infection in healthy participants. Results: H. pylori infection is highly prevalent in the MENA region, mainly because of the accumulation of risk factors in developing countries. Herein, we highlight a lack of good quality studies on the prevalence of various H. pylori genotypes in the MENA region as well as a need for standard diagnostic methods and screening guidelines. Due to the complications associated with H. pylori, we recommend routine screening for H. pylori infection in all gastroenterology patients admitted in the MENA region. Conclusion: Concerted effort will first be required to validate affordable, non-invasive, and accurate diagnostic methods and to establish local guidelines with adapted cut-off values for the interpretation of the test results.

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“…However, the seropositivity of anti-H. pylori IgG could not be converted to seronegativity without H. pylori eradication therapy. To a certain extent, the serum anti-H. pylori IgG represents current infection and has been used for several epidemiological investigations [31,32]. Although Gd-IgA1 was suggested to play a central role in pathogenesis of IgAN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with elevated galactose-deficient IgA1 in IgA nephropathy

et al. 2020

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Background: Mucosal immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). This study aimed to investigate if infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a common bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, associated with IgAN. Methods: This study included 261 patients with IgAN and 46 healthy controls. Clinical information and plasma samples were collected from patients and healthy controls. H. pylori infection was confirmed by western blot. Plasma IgA1 and galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) levels were detected by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Total H. pylori infection rates showed no statistical differences between IgAN patients and healthy controls, but the infection rates of type I H. pylori in IgAN patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (44.4 vs. 28.3%, p ¼ 0.040). Compared with uninfected patients, the systolic blood pressure, 24-h proteinuria, and blood urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher in patients with H. pylori infection (126.0 ± 15.5 vs. 119.6 ± 14.5 mmHg, p ¼ 0.010; 1.8 ± 2.7 vs. 1.2 ± 1.4 g/24h, p ¼ 0.013; 7.9 ± 5.4 vs. 6.7 ± 3.9 lmol/L, p ¼ 0.042), especially in patients with type I infection (126.5 ± 15.4 vs. 119.6 ± 14.5 mmHg, p ¼ 0.002; 1.9 ± 2.9 vs. 1.2 ± 1.4 g/24 h, p ¼ 0.033; 8.1 ± 5.6 vs. 6.7 ± 3.9 lmol/L, p ¼ 0.041). Similarly, patients with IgAN and type I H. pylori infection showed higher plasma Gd-IgA1 levels than uninfected patients (5.5 ± 2.2 vs. 4.5 ± 2.2 lg/mL, p ¼ 0.037). Conclusions: Virulent type I H. pylori infection is more common in patients with IgAN. Patients with IgAN and type I H. pylori infection showed lower renal function and higher underglycosylation of plasma IgA1.

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An update of laboratory diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Cited by 8 publications

References 73 publications

Accuracy of invasive and noninvasive methods of Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis in Saudi children

Accuracy of invasive and noninvasive methods of Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis in Saudi children

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Diagnostic Methods in the Middle East and North Africa Region

Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with elevated galactose-deficient IgA1 in IgA nephropathy

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