An Update of the Grützbalgϕ Hypothesis: The Role of Thrombosis and Coagulation in Atherosclerotic Progression

Abstract

SummaryWhile a great deal has been learned about the initiation of atherosclerosis, much less is known about the factors that ultimately determine progression and clinical manifestations. In this review we will focus on the possible role of coagulation, especially intramural fibrin in lesion progression.

Apoptosis of adherent cells by recruitment of caspase-8 to unligated integrins

“…2 F, right). This result is consistent with previous observations that both ␣ v ␤ 3 and ␣ 5 ␤ 1 bind fibrin (Yee et al, 2001). Together, these results indicate that a reduction of endogenous, unligated integrin expression can suppress apoptosis in ECMattached cells, whereas an increase in integrin expression actively promotes apoptosis.…”

The factor II G20210A gene polymorphism, but not factor V Arg506Gln, is associated with peripheral arterial disease: results of a case–control study

“…Few genetic studies have tested associations between candidate genes and PAD. Thrombosis plays an important role in acute ischemic events and in plaque progression through fibrin deposition within atherosclerotic lesions [3]. This fibrin deposition can occur when plaque transiently ruptures, leading to lesion progression and arterial stenosis.…”

“…Data on hypertension and dyslipidemia are less consistent [1,2] but these two factors contribute to atherosclerotic disease in other territories. Thrombosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis and complications of atherosclerosis [3]. Genetic polymorphisms of hemostatic factors may be involved in arterial thrombosis and may interact with traditional cardiovascular risk factors [4,5].…”

Peripheral Arterial Disease in Diabetes: Is There a Role for Genetics?

“…It is fairly well established that thrombosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [57]. Thrombin is not only important in fibrin formation and platelet aggregation but thrombin is also important in endothelial activation, platelet and leukocyte recruitment [58].…”