An Update of the Occurrence of Organic Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Canary Islands (Spain)

Abstract

Nowadays, activities associated with industries, cities, and leisure generate a number of different wastes, including many chemical pollutants that enter the environment and negatively affect the wildlife. Some of them are emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), which include UV filters and stabilizers, antineoplastic agents, and natural and synthetic steroid hormones, among others. It is well demonstrated that the presence of this kind of contaminants may produce adverse effects in aquatic environments and also in marine organisms. Even though the Canary Islands (Spain) are one of the most biodiverse parts of the temperature regions of the world, little is known about the presence of these substances in the environment and organisms in the archipelago. For that purpose, the objective of this work was to evaluate the presence of some UV filters, cytostatic compounds, and hormones in water (wastewater and seawater), sediments, and marine organisms. Moreover, we evaluated conventional and natural wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to study the removal efficiencies of these target compounds. UV filters and stabilizers were found in all the analysed samples and were the only target family found in seawater (with UV-329 appearing at all the locations at concentrations between 67.5 and 859 ng L−1). Some cytostatic compounds were detected in hospital wastewater at concentrations between 375.8 and 1851 ng L−1, but not in the analysis of sludge or fish samples. Hormones were detected in wastewater, sludge, and fish samples, and their removal in the natural treatment system (over 76% for all the hormones) allowed to prove it as an efficient technology for the elimination of these EOCs from urban wastewaters in small communities.

Contaminants of Emerging Concern: A Review of Biological and Economic Principles to Guide Water Management Policies

“…Besides pesticides and antibiotics used in the livestock sector, most CECs derive from urban and industrial uses (Figure 1) and enter the environment through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) responsible for household and industrial sewage treatment (Campo et al, 2016;Ccanccapa et al, 2016). WWTP removal efficiency is very heterogeneous (Deblonde et al, 2011;Luo et al, 2014) with substances like Ibuprofen, salicylic acid, or estradiol being efficiently removed (removal rate above 90%), while others such as antibiotics like trimethoprim or diuretics (e.g., amidotrizoic acid, diatrizoate) presenting removal rates below 10% (Bellver-Domingo et al, 2017;Göbel et al, 2007;Torres-Padrón et al, 2020). In some cases, pollutants such as diclofenac, carbamazepine, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole have even been found in larger concentrations in effluent compared to influent water (Pal et al, 2010).…”

Pollution Biomarkers in the Framework of Marine Biodiversity Conservation: State of Art and Perspectives

“…Chemical contaminants such as oil-based products, fertilizers, pesticides, trace metals, antifouling compounds, plastic materials, pharmaceutical, and veterinary products represent a worldwide threat to the health of the marine environment [4], influencing the health of marine organisms, their ability to recover their homeostatic status, and in turn endangering biodiversity. Several of them are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), which include a wide array of anthropogenic chemicals that have no regulatory standards yet [5,6].…”