An update of Vaccine development against Entamoeba histolytica

Abstract

Purpose: This review literature reveals designing of an effective vaccine against Entamoeba.histolytica, but due to some major limiting factors a successful vaccine has not been designed yet. The researches focusing on designing an ideal vaccine are summarized in this review literature. The major limiting factors leading to the failure of this particular vaccine are also discussed here
 Methodology: This study is literature based focusing on recent advancement and contribution to vaccine designing. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica has been studied posing a major health threat. Some vaccines candidates and adjuvants have also been studied having promising results but require clinical trials.
 Findings: The major finding in this review is less investment on tropical diseases and lack of long term immunity also needs to be elucidated. Various proteins associated with the chemical structure of Entamoeba histolytica are immunogenic and can be used as potential vaccine candidates. The interaction of Entamoeba histolytica with gut microbiota may result into new strains of the pathogen leading to evasion strategy of this particular parasite. In asymptomatic cases it colonizes the large intestine and sometimes spread to other soft organs of the body causing abscesses. Entamoeba histolytica can be transmitted through polluted water and food. The international transport of food materials may have a major role in Entamoeba histolytica transmission.
 Recommendation: Further researches may be the base for an effective vaccine having long term immunological memory against Entamoeba histolytica. An effective vaccine may be effective in all age groups with no adverse effects. The improvement in hygiene and health care system may the possible ways of combating amoebiasis.