An update on Alzheimer's disease: Immunotherapeutic agents, stem cell therapy and gene editing

Patwardhan, Aryaman Girish; Belemkar, Sateesh

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119790

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…AD represents, arguably, the most significant social, economic, and medical crisis of our time [56]. This progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by insidious onset and slow progression, leads to gradual dysfunction of cognition, memory, and learning in elderly people with huge implications for autonomy in daily life activities [57]. The pathogenesis of this progressive brain abnormality is multifactorial, being the result of interactions between age, a complex genetic profile, and intersecting environmental factors, including cardiovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, depression, and lower levels of education [57].…”

Section: Stem Cell Therapy For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by insidious onset and slow progression, leads to gradual dysfunction of cognition, memory, and learning in elderly people with huge implications for autonomy in daily life activities [57]. The pathogenesis of this progressive brain abnormality is multifactorial, being the result of interactions between age, a complex genetic profile, and intersecting environmental factors, including cardiovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, depression, and lower levels of education [57]. AD is first and foremost a condition of neuronal and synaptic loss throughout the brain, primarily affecting hippocampus and the basal forebrain networks, thereafter, progressing to brain cortex.…”

Section: Stem Cell Therapy For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem Cells: Innovative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Bonaventura

Munafò

Bellanca

et al. 2021

Cells

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Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and/or function of both neurons and glial cells, leading to different degrees of pathology and loss of cognition. The hypothesis of circuit reconstruction in the damaged brain via direct cell replacement has been pursued extensively so far. In this context, stem cells represent a useful option since they provide tissue restoration through the substitution of damaged neuronal cells with exogenous stem cells and create a neuro-protective environment through the release of bioactive molecules for healthy neurons, as well. These peculiar properties of stem cells are opening to potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of severe neurodegenerative disorders, for which the absence of effective treatment options leads to an increasingly socio-economic burden. Currently, the introduction of new technologies in the field of stem cells and the implementation of alternative cell tissues sources are pointing to exciting frontiers in this area of research. Here, we provide an update of the current knowledge about source and administration routes of stem cells, and review light and shadows of cells replacement therapy for the treatment of the three main neurodegenerative disorders (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease).

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Section: Stem Cell Therapy For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stem Cell Therapy For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cells: Innovative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Bonaventura

Munafò

Bellanca

et al. 2021

Cells

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“… 6 Aging plaques are made up of strands of protein called amyloid bodies, and some other proteins called apolipoprotein E, synuclein, and alpha‐antichymotrypsin. 7 The formation of these plaques seems to be one of the main causes of AD. These plaques cause the connection between the nerve cells to be cut off, and eventually, these nerve cells die and the brain tissue is destroyed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This protein is expressed in the cells of the nervous system and is involved in cell attachment, cell contact, and extracellular matrix, and cell skeleton 6 . Aging plaques are made up of strands of protein called amyloid bodies, and some other proteins called apolipoprotein E, synuclein, and alpha‐antichymotrypsin 7 . The formation of these plaques seems to be one of the main causes of AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells as a potential candidate in treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review on preclinical studies

Neishaboori

Eshraghi

Asl

et al. 2022

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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In recent years, numerous investigations have evaluated the efficacy of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and their exosome transplantation in managing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different animal models. However, there are still many contradictions among the studies that hinder reaching a reliable conclusion. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the existing evidence regarding the efficacy of ADSCs administration in treatment of AD. The systematic search was conducted in the databases of Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, in addition to the manual search in Google and Google scholar, to find articles published until March 13, 2021. Preclinical studies were included and two independent reviewers summarized the eligible papers. Ten articles were included in our review. The treatment strategies varied between isolated ADSC, ADSCs exosomes, ADSCs conditioned medium, and combination therapy (ADSCs plus conditioned medium in one study, and ADSCs plus melatonin in another study). Overview of the included articles showed promising results of ADSCs and its conditioned medium/exosome administration in animal models of AD. These studies showed significant learning and memory improvements through ADSCs and their conditioned medium/exosome administration in animal models of AD. In addition, the application of ADSCs reduced the amyloid‐beta plaque deposits in the hippocampus and neocortex of these animals. Based on the aforementioned evidence, studies have suggested potential beneficial effects of ADSCs in the treatment of AD, particularly through decreasing the size of Aβ plaques and improvement of cognitive deficits. Further investigations regarding the subject are encouraged to achieve more accurate conclusions.

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“…Despite years of research, effective pharmacological therapy for cognitive impairment related to prodromal AD and mild AD dementia remains a major unmet need in clinical practice. Currently, three drugs based on cholinergic pathways in the central nervous system for the treatment of AD-associated dementia, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have anticholinesterase activity, but their long-term safety and efficacy utility are not entirely clear [ 10 ], and the newly approved drug aducanumab in 2021 also has a lot of controversy about its side effects [ 11 ]. Clinical trials have shown that these approved drugs either had poor efficacy or limited improvement in early AD and were not suitable for long-term administration [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilapia Head Protein Hydrolysate Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment through the Gut-Brain Axis in Mice

Zhu

et al. 2021

Foods

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The destruction of the homeostasis in the gut-brain axis can lead to cognitive impairment and memory decline. Dietary intervention with bioactive peptides from aquatic products is an innovative strategy to prevent cognitive deficits. The present study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of tilapia head protein hydrolysate (THPH) on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice, and to further explore its mechanism through the microbiota–gut-brain axis. The results showed that THPH administration significantly improved the cognitive behavior of mice, and normalized the cholinergic system and oxidative stress system of the mice brain. The histopathological observation showed that THPH administration significantly reduced the pathological damage of hippocampal neurons, increased the number of mature neurons marked by NeuN and delayed the activation of astrocytes in the hippocampus of mice. In addition, THPH administration maintained the stability of cholinergic system, alleviated oxidative stress and further improved the cognitive impairment by reshaping the gut microbiota structure of scopolamine-induced mice and alleviating the disorder of lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in serum. In conclusion, our research shows that THPH supplementation is a nutritional strategy to alleviate cognitive impairment through the gut-brain axis.

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An update on Alzheimer's disease: Immunotherapeutic agents, stem cell therapy and gene editing

Cited by 11 publications

References 73 publications

Stem Cells: Innovative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Stem Cells: Innovative Therapeutic Options for Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells as a potential candidate in treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review on preclinical studies

Tilapia Head Protein Hydrolysate Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment through the Gut-Brain Axis in Mice

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