An update on mechanism of entry of white spot syndrome virus into shrimps

Verma, Ankita; Gupta, Seema; Singh, Shivesh Pratap; Nagpure, N. S.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.007

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…WSSV is a large and enveloped dsDNA virus, which is highly pathogenic and especially virulent on penaeid shrimp [ 15 , 17 ]. There is growing interest in research of the interplay between WSSV and many aspects of shrimp host [ 18 , 19 ], but the precise function of Toll receptors and Toll pathway related genes participating in viral infection remains to be determined. Until now, a large number of Tolls have been identified in multiple shrimps including Litopenaeus vannamei [ 20 , 21 ], Fenneropenaeus chinensis [ 22 ], Penaeus monodon [ 23 – 25 ], Marsupenaeus japonicas [ 26 ], Macrobrachium rosenbergi [ 27 ], Cherax quadricarinatus [ 28 ] and Procambarus clarkii [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi screening identifies a new Toll from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that restricts WSSV infection through activating Dorsal to induce antimicrobial peptides

et al. 2018

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The function of Toll pathway defense against bacterial infection has been well established in shrimp, however how this pathway responds to viral infection is still largely unknown. In this study, we report the Toll4-Dorsal-AMPs cascade restricts the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection of shrimp. A total of nine Tolls from Litopenaeus vannamei namely Toll1-9 are identified, and RNAi screening in vivo reveals the Toll4 is important for shrimp to oppose WSSV infection. Knockdown of Toll4 results in elevated viral loads and renders shrimp more susceptible to WSSV. Furthermore, Toll4 could be a one of upstream pattern recognition receptor (PRR) to detect WSSV, and thereby leading to nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of Dorsal, the known NF-κB transcription factor of the canonical Toll pathway. More importantly, silencing of Toll4 and Dorsal contributes to impaired expression of a specific set of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as anti-LPS-factor (ALF) and lysozyme (LYZ) family, which exert potent anti-WSSV activity. Two AMPs of ALF1 and LYZ1 as representatives are demonstrated to have the ability to interact with several WSSV structural proteins to inhibit viral infection. Taken together, we therefore identify that the Toll4-Dorsal pathway mediates strong resistance to WSSV infection by inducing some specific AMPs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi screening identifies a new Toll from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that restricts WSSV infection through activating Dorsal to induce antimicrobial peptides

et al. 2018

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“…Ingestion of WSSV-infected prawn has been accepted as the major route of natural infection due to the cannibalistic nature of many crustaceans [ 22 ]. Epithelium of the intestinal midgut is generally lined with the peritrophic membrane (PM), which is a noncellular structure surrounding the food bolus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii intestines under the white spot syndrome virus and poly (I:C) challenges

2018

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Intestine is a primary site of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in most crustaceans. To date, little is known about its role in the anti-viral immune response in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In this study, next-generation sequencing was employed to investigate the M. rosenbergii intestine transcriptomes following WSSV or poly I:C challenges. A total of 41.06 M, 39.58 M and 47.00 M clean reads were generated and assembled into 65,340, 71,241 and 70,614 transcripts from the negative control group (NG), WSSV challenge group (WG) and poly I:C treatment group (PG) respectively. Based on homology searches, functional annotation with 7 databases (NR, NT, GO, COG, KEGG, Swissprot and Interpro) for 88,412 transcripts was performed. After WSSV or poly (I:C) challenge, the numbers of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were greater than the down-regulated DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) classification of the DEGs also distributed similarly, with the same top 10 annotations and were all assigned to the signaling pathways, including spliceosome, Rap1 signaling pathway, proteoglycans, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ECM receptor interaction. Results could contribute to a better understanding of the intestinal immune response to viral pathogens.

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“…The main cultivated species include shrimp, tilapia, carp, rainbow trout, and Atlantic salmon, which due to high-intensity cultivation conditions, experience health problems caused by bacterial and viral pathogens, which reduce their productivity ( 2 , 3 ). Among the main viral pathogens, we can find White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in shrimp ( 4 ), Tilapia lake Virus (TiLV) in Tilapia ( 5 ), and Koi Herpesvirus in Carps ( 6 ). In salmonids, several viral pathogens have been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro

et al. 2021

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In salmon farming, viruses are responsible for outbreaks that produce significant economic losses for which there is a lack of control tools other than vaccines. Type I interferon has been successfully used for treating some chronic viral infections in humans. However, its application in salmonids depends on the proper design of a vehicle that allows its massive administration, ideally orally. In mammals, administration of recombinant probiotics capable of expressing cytokines has shown local and systemic therapeutic effects. In this work, we evaluate the use of Lactococcus lactis as a type I Interferon expression system in Atlantic salmon, and we analyze its ability to stimulate the antiviral immune response against IPNV, in vivo and in vitro. The interferon expressed in L. lactis, even though it was located mainly in the bacterial cytoplasm, was functional, stimulating Mx and PKR expression in CHSE-214 cells, and reducing the IPNV viral load in SHK-1 cells. In vivo, the oral administration of this L. lactis producer of Interferon I increases Mx and PKR expression, mainly in the spleen, and to a lesser extent, in the head kidney. The oral administration of this strain also reduces the IPNV viral load in Atlantic salmon specimens challenged with this pathogen. Our results show that oral administration of L. lactis producing Interferon I induces systemic effects in Atlantic salmon, allowing to stimulate the antiviral immune response. This probiotic could have effects against a wide variety of viruses that infect Atlantic salmon and also be effective in other salmonids due to the high identity among their type I interferons.

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An update on mechanism of entry of white spot syndrome virus into shrimps

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

RNAi screening identifies a new Toll from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that restricts WSSV infection through activating Dorsal to induce antimicrobial peptides

RNAi screening identifies a new Toll from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that restricts WSSV infection through activating Dorsal to induce antimicrobial peptides

Transcriptome analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii intestines under the white spot syndrome virus and poly (I:C) challenges

Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro

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