An update on microcrystalline cellulose in direct compression: Functionality, critical material attributes, and co-processed excipients

Zhao, Hongxin; Zhao, Lihua; Lin, Xiao; Shen, Lan

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118968

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a commonly used dry binder that is obtained from cellulose and was first discovered by Battista and Smith in 1955 [ 152 , 153 ]. MCC, as a frequently used tablet excipient, is a green, renewable, cost-effective, and biocompatible polymer [ 154 ].…”

Section: MCCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modifiers on Composite Particles for Direct Compaction

Chen

Liu²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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Direct compaction (DC) is considered to be the most effective method of tablet production. However, only a small number of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can be successfully manufactured into tablets using DC since most APIs lack adequate functional properties to meet DC requirements. The use of suitable modifiers and appropriate co-processing technologies can provide a promising approach for the preparation of composite particles with high functional properties. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and classification of different modifiers and their multiple combinations that may improve API tableting properties or prepare composite excipients with appropriate co-processed technology, as well as discuss the corresponding modification mechanism. Moreover, it provides solutions for selecting appropriate modifiers and co-processing technologies to prepare composite particles with improved properties.

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Section: MCCmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modifiers on Composite Particles for Direct Compaction

Chen

Liu²,

Zhu³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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“…No significant differences were seen in compaction behaviour of the HPMC grades, which is in alignment with previous results from Vanhoorne et al [ 16 ]. Although MCC is an excipient with excellent compressibility and compactibility, tablets with a lower tensile strength compared to DCP were obtained [ 28 , 29 ] since wet granulation reduces the compactibility of MCC due to a decrease in porosity of the primary MCC particles [ 30 , 31 ]. There is less energy used for plastic deformation at the particle interfaces and more energy for fragmentation during compaction of MCC granules [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying the API Distribution of Controlled Release Formulations Produced via Continuous Twin-Screw Wet Granulation: Influence of Matrix Former, Filler and Process Parameters

Denduyver,

Vervaet,

Vanhoorne

2024

Pharmaceutics

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Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is a preferred hydrophilic matrix former for controlled release formulations produced through continuous twin-screw wet granulation. However, a non-homogeneous API distribution over sieve fractions with underdosing in the fines fraction (<150 µm) was previously reported. This could result in content uniformity issues during downstream processing. Therefore, the current study investigated the root cause of the non-homogeneous theophylline distribution. The effect of process parameters (L/S-ratio and screw configuration) and formulation parameters (matrix former and filler type) on content uniformity was studied. Next, the influence of the formulation parameters on tableting and dissolution behavior was investigated. Altering the L/S-ratio or using a more aggressive screw configuration did not result in a homogeneous API distribution over the granule sieve fractions. Using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as filler improved the API distribution due to its similar behavior as HPMC. As excluding HPMC or including a hydrophobic matrix former (Kollidon SR) yielded granules with a homogeneous API distribution, HPMC was identified as the root cause of the non-homogeneous API distribution. This was linked to its fast hydration and swelling (irrespective of the HPMC grade) upon addition of the granulation liquid.

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“…MCC is the material of choice for direct pressing tableting because of its excellent flow property. 26 Furthermore, MCC is also widely used in suspensions and dry syrups because it can reduce the rate of sedimentation of the solid particles. MCC is also co-processed with other excipients to be used as a direct-compressed tablet filler-bidder, such as with Kollidon ®K30, 27 colloidal silicon dioxide, 28 lactose and StarCap 1500, 29 Cedrela odorata Gum, alginic acid 31 and lactose-Kollidon ®K30.…”

Section: Properties Of Microcrystalline Cellulose For Pharmaceutical ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose for Pharmaceutical Excipient: A Review

2022

TJNPR

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Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a tasteless and odorless white crystalline powder made up of porous particles. MCC is slightly soluble in a 5% w/v solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) but practically insoluble in water, acid solutions, and some organic solvents. It is relatively stable physically and chemically in ambient conditions, and it is normally stored in dry and cool environments. 1 MCC is an essential supplementary excipient in the pharmaceutical sector, particularly as a tablet excipient, in addition to being an ingredient in food and cosmetic products. 2 Microcrystalline cellulose preparation involves the hydrolysis of alpha-cellulose pulp with mineral acids. In recent years, research has been conducted to produce MCC from natural components such as plant fibers, 3 stem powder, seeds, husks, and organic waste, including coffee husks, 4 date seeds, 5 ensete glaucum, 6 giant reeds, 7 rice straw and banana plant wastes. 8 Furthermore, Saccharum spontaneum (Kans grass), 9 tea wastes, 10 parawood sawdust, 11 wheat straw, 12 water hyacinth, 13 and sugarcane bagasse, 14 have all been reported as ingredients for the synthesis of MCC. Both wood and non-wood sources can produce plant fibers, and both types of fibers have good biodegradability, renewability, low density, high strength, and high stiffness. 15

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An update on microcrystalline cellulose in direct compression: Functionality, critical material attributes, and co-processed excipients

Cited by 39 publications

References 124 publications

Surface Modifiers on Composite Particles for Direct Compaction

Surface Modifiers on Composite Particles for Direct Compaction

Studying the API Distribution of Controlled Release Formulations Produced via Continuous Twin-Screw Wet Granulation: Influence of Matrix Former, Filler and Process Parameters

Preparation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose for Pharmaceutical Excipient: A Review

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