An update on passive transport in and out of plant cells

Tomkins, Melissa; Hughes, Nathan; Morris, Richard J.

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab406

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(144 reference statements)

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“…We can suggest that, as soon as some fraction of the cell walls is not directly wetted by the liquid, the RH is slightly smaller than 1, which has an impact on the pressure of bound water in the cell walls around this point. Such an effect could in particular occur as a result of the concentration of salts ( 60 ) in the free water remaining in the cavity, which decreases the water activity. This leads to an effect similar to the capillary effects in the liquid network in a simple porous medium, but here, since the transport is ensured by bound water that remains close to saturation, there is no decrease of the permeability as long as the bound water content is close to saturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-step diffusion in cellular hygroscopic (vascular plant-like) materials

et al. 2022

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Vascular plants, a vast group including conifers, flowering plants, etc., are made of a cellular hygroscopic structure containing water in the form of either free (i.e., in a standard liquid state) or bound (i.e., absorbed in the cell walls) water. From nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, we distinguish the dynamics of bound water and free water in a typical material (softwood) with such a structure, under convective drying. We show that water extraction relies on two mechanisms of diffusion in two contiguous regions of the sample, in which respectively the material still contains free water or only contains bound water. However, in any case, the transport is ensured by bound water. This makes it possible to prolong free water storage despite dry external conditions and shows that it is possible to extract free water in depth (or from large heights) without continuity of the free water network.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-step diffusion in cellular hygroscopic (vascular plant-like) materials

et al. 2022

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“…Thus, the first step of sugar retrieval is likely to be predominantly an active process. Retrieval by passive diffusion down a concentration gradient ( Tomkins et al, 2021 ) may have occurred for L-glucose, but it was clearly less effective than the retrieval of D-glucose ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the existence of PD and their frequency alone do not guarantee the transport capacity or functionality of PD ( Fisher and Oparka, 1996 ), we used CFDA feeding to demonstrate a functional symplastic connection in both the xylem and phloem regions of pedicels. Within symplastic fields, CF moves through PD by advection down turgor gradients and by diffusion down concentration gradients ( Hernández-Hernández et al, 2020 ; Tomkins et al, 2021 ). By contrast, we observed little CF dye in the cortex ( Figure 7 ), which indicates that the cortex has limited symplastic connections with the phloem region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoplastic sugar may be lost from grape berries and retrieved in pedicels

et al. 2022

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In ripening grape (Vitis sp.) berries, the combination of rapid sugar import, apoplastic phloem unloading, and water discharge via the xylem creates a potential risk for apoplastic sugar to be lost from the berries. We investigated the likelihood of such sugar loss and a possible sugar retrieval mechanism in the pedicels of different Vitis genotypes. Infusion of D-glucose-1-13C or L-glucose-1-13C to the stylar end of attached berries demonstrated that both sugars can be leached from the berries, but only the non-transport sugar L-glucose moved beyond the pedicels. No 13C enrichment was found in peduncles and leaves. Genes encoding 10 sugar transporters were expressed in the pedicels throughout grape ripening. Using an immunofluorescence technique, we localized the sucrose transporter SUC27 to pedicel xylem parenchyma cells. These results indicate that pedicels possess the molecular machinery for sugar retrieval from the apoplast. Plasmodesmata were observed between vascular parenchyma cells in pedicels, and movement of the symplastically mobile dye carboxyfluorescein demonstrated that the symplastic connection is physiologically functional. Taken together, the chemical, molecular, and anatomical evidence gathered here supports the idea that some apoplastic sugar can be leached from grape berries and is effectively retrieved in a two-step process in the pedicels. First, sugar transporters may actively retrieve leached sugar from the xylem. Second, retrieved sugar may move symplastically to the pedicel parenchyma for local use or storage, or to the phloem for recycling back to the berry.

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“…In the early stages of growth, genes were enriched in the basic substance synthesis pathway and transmembrane transport, indicating that the early S. rugosoannulata fruiting body was vigorous in growth and development with an active metabolism and increased demand for energy and protein (Tong et al, 2020). The active transmembrane transport process facilitated the exchange of materials between cells (Tomkins et al, 2021), thereby promoting the development of fruiting bodies. While in the later stage of growth, DEGs significantly decreased to only 92, which might be attributed to the slow growth after fruiting body maturation (Wang et al, 2020), and DEGs were enriched in synthesis pathways of secondary metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis Explored the Differential Genes’ Expression During the Development of the Stropharia rugosoannulata Fruiting Body

Wang

Zhang

Zeng³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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Stropharia rugosoannulata (S. rugosoannulata) is a fungus with great edible and nutritional values; however, the development mechanism of its fruiting body has not been studied. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in four stages; primordia stage (Sra1), young mushroom stage (Sra2), picking stage (Sra3), and opening umbrella stage (Sra4). Therefore, total RNA was extracted for further RNA-sequencing analysis. In three pairwise comparison groups (PCGs), Sra1 vs. Sra2, Sra2 vs. Sra3, and Sra3 vs. Sra4, a total of 3,112 DEGs were identified among the three PCGs. A GO analysis of the DEGs showed that there were 21 terms significantly enriched in Sra1 vs. Sra2 PCG. There was no significantly enriched GO term in the other two PCGs. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in glucose and amino acid metabolisms. Moreover we found that intron retention (IR) and the alternative 3′ splice site (A3SS) accounted for more than 80%. The development of the S. rugosoannulata fruiting body mainly involved glucose and amino acid metabolisms. IR and A3SS were the two main types of ASE, which played an important role in the development and maturation of the S. rugosoannulata fruiting body.

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An update on passive transport in and out of plant cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 93 publications

Two-step diffusion in cellular hygroscopic (vascular plant-like) materials

Two-step diffusion in cellular hygroscopic (vascular plant-like) materials

Apoplastic sugar may be lost from grape berries and retrieved in pedicels

Transcriptome Analysis Explored the Differential Genes’ Expression During the Development of the Stropharia rugosoannulata Fruiting Body

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