An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Dubey, J. P.; Howe, Daniel K.; Furr, Martin; Saville, William J.; Marsh, Antoinette E.; Reed, Stephen M.; Grigg, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.026

Cited by 85 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 266 publications

(351 reference statements)

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“…In this study there was a poor agreement between IFAT and SAT. There is no comprehensive study of the sensitivity and specificity of the SAT in equids (DUBEY et al, , 2015. Immunoblot is considered the golden test for seroprevalence studies of S. neurona in horses, but it is expensive and laborious.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurological disease of horses that is caused primarily by Sarcocystis neurona and less frequently by Neospora hughesi (DUBEY et al, , 2015. N. hughesi infection has also been reported to cause abortion in horses (PUSTERLA et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and S. neurona have been reported in horses (see reviews DUBEY & SCHARES, 2011;DUBEY et al, 2015) but there is no report for these infections in donkeys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of antibodies against Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis neurona in donkeys from northeastern Brazil

Gennari

Pena

Lindsay

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Sarcocystis neurona and Neospora hughesi are coccidian protozoa that can cause neurological illness in horses in America. In this study we report seroprevalence of Neospora spp. andS. neurona in sera of 333 donkeys from the northeastern region of Brazil. Antibodies to Neospora spp. were detected in 2% (7 donkeys) of 333 sera tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with a cut-off dilution of 1:40. Antibodies to S. neurona were found in 3% (10 donkeys) of the samples tested by IFAT (cut-off ≥50) and 21% (69 donkeys) by the direct agglutination test (SAT ≥50). The SAT and IFAT results for S. neurona showed a poor concordance (value of Kappa=0.051). This is the first report ofNeospora spp. antibodies in Brazilian donkeys and the first detection of antibodies against S. neurona in this animal species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of antibodies against Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis neurona in donkeys from northeastern Brazil

Gennari

Pena

Lindsay

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Upon ingestion by the intermediate or aberrant hosts, the oocysts release the environmentally resistant sporozoites, which chronically parasitize the neural and inflammatory cells of the host's central nervous system (CNS). Clinical EPM symptoms depend on which part of the CNS is parasitized; parasitization generally results in abnormal gait, dysphagia and muscle atrophy in affected horses [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<em>Sarcocystis neurona</em> Protein Kinases: Computational Identification, Evolutionary Analysis and Putative Inhibitor Docking

Murungi

Kariithi

2017

Preprint

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Abstract:The apicomplexan parasite, Sarcocystis neurona causes the degenerative neurological equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) disease of horses. Due to its host range expansion, S. neurona is an emerging threat that requires close monitoring. In apicomplexans, protein kinases (PKs) have been implicated in a myriad of critical functions such as host cell invasion, cell cycle progression and host immune responses evasion. Here, we used various bioinformatics methods to define the kinome of S. neurona and phylogenetic relatedness of its PKs to other apicomplexans. Further, three-dimensional (3D) homology models for selected S. neurona putative PKs were constructed and evaluated for inhibitor docking. We identified 92 putative PKs clustering within the AGC, CAMK, CK1, CMGC, STE, TKL, aPK and OPK groups. Although containing the universally conserved PKA (AGC group), S. neurona kinome was devoid of PKB and PKC, but contained the six apicomplexan conserved CDPKs (CAMK group). The OPK group was represented by ROPKs 19A, 27, 30, 33, 35 and 37, but was devoid of the virulence-associated ROPKs 5, 6, 18 and 38. Two out of the three S. neurona CK1 enzymes had high sequence similarities to T. gondii TgCK1-α and TgCK1-β and the Plasmodium PfCK1. Docking of four inhibitors onto homology models of putative ROP27 and PKA indicated that inhibition of S. neurona PKs is feasible, but needs to be experimentally tested. The essentiality of apicomplexan PKs makes the elucidation of S. neurona kinome a key milestone for development of novel therapeutics for EPM.

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“…In South America the opossum Didelphis albiventris is known as a definitive host and horses participate as an accidental host of S. neurona (DUBEY et al, 2015). Another pathogen associated with EPM is Neospora hughesi, however, information about the life cycle of this parasite is very limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrences of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp., and Sarcocystis neurona in horses and dogs in the municipality of Pauliceia, São Paulo, Brazil

Oliveira

Silva

Silveira

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Serum samples from 116 horses and 47 dogs from the municipality of Paulicéia, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, were examined for anti-Toxoplasma gondii, -Neospora spp. and -Sarcocystis neurona antibodies by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). The results showed that only one horse was seropositive for T. gondii (0.9%) and anti-Neospora spp. antibodies were detected in three out of the 116 horses tested (2.6%). However, 27 horses showed antibodies against S. neurona (23.8%). Amongst the serum samples from the dogs, 10 out of the 47 dogs showed antibodies against T. gondii (21.3%) and three dogs showed antibodies against Neospora caninum (6.4%). This study reports that in the municipality of Paulicéia dogs in both the rural and the urban area were exposed to T. gondii and N. caninum, while horses in the rural area were exposed to all three protozoa studied, with high occurrence of anti-S. neurona antibodies. Keywords: Toxoplasmosis. Neosporosis. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. IFAT. ResumoAmostras de soro de 116 equinos e 47 cães provenientes do município de Paulicéia, São Paulo, foram testadas para detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, -Neospora spp. e -Sarcocystis neurona por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). Apenas um equino, entre 116 equinos testados, teve diagnóstico soropositivo para T. gondii (0,9%), e três deles (2,6%) apresentaram anticorpos anti-Neospora spp. Entretanto, 27 equinos apresentaram anticorpos anti-S. neurona (23,8%). Nas amostras de cães, dez dos 47 animais apresentaram anticorpos anti-T. gondii (21,3%) e três tiveram diagnóstico soropositivo para Neospora caninum (6,4%). Este estudo relata que no município de Paulicéia os cães das áreas urbana e rural foram expostos a T. gondii e N. caninum, enquanto os equinos da área rural foram expostos aos três protozoários estudados, com alta ocorrência de anticorpos anti-S. neurona. Palavras-chave: Toxoplasmose. Neosporose. Mieloencefalite protozoária equina. RIFI.

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An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Cited by 85 publications

References 266 publications

Prevalence of antibodies against Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis neurona in donkeys from northeastern Brazil

Prevalence of antibodies against Neospora spp. and Sarcocystis neurona in donkeys from northeastern Brazil

<em>Sarcocystis neurona</em> Protein Kinases: Computational Identification, Evolutionary Analysis and Putative Inhibitor Docking

Occurrences of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp., and Sarcocystis neurona in horses and dogs in the municipality of Pauliceia, São Paulo, Brazil

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