An Update on the Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes

Tinajero, María; Malik, Vasanti

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2021.05.013

Cited by 267 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Diabetic patients may rely on different types of oral hypoglycaemic drugs to keep blood glucose below physiological levels; however, most of these drugs cause patients to develop various and serious diabetes-related diseases in the medium-to long-term that contribute to deterioration of the quality and duration of their life [37]. This is probably because actual antihyperglycemic drugs are designed to compensate for a single metabolic defect and, therefore, are not able to reproduce the physiological effects of insulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Targeting of PTP1B and Aldose Reductase with Marine Drug Phosphoeleganin: A Promising Strategy for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2021

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An in-depth study on the inhibitory mechanism on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase (AR) enzymes, including analysis of the insulin signalling pathway, of phosphoeleganin, a marine-derived phosphorylated polyketide, was achieved. Phosphoeleganin was demonstrated to inhibit both enzymes, acting respectively as a pure non-competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and a mixed-type inhibitor of AR. In addition, in silico docking analyses to evaluate the interaction mode of phosphoeleganin with both enzymes were performed. Interestingly, this study showed that phosphoeleganin is the first example of a dual inhibitor polyketide extracted from a marine invertebrate, and it could be used as a versatile scaffold structure for the synthesis of new designed multiple ligands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Targeting of PTP1B and Aldose Reductase with Marine Drug Phosphoeleganin: A Promising Strategy for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, with an increase in obesity and overweight populations because of by overeating habits and sedentary lifestyles, the incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide [ 27 , 28 ]. Metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are gradually threatening the health of the global population [ 29 , 30 ]. Several studies have suggested that exercise can mitigate metabolic diseases by regulating the molecular levels [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic analysis of the pharmacological function of Schisandra as a potential exercise supplement

Hong

Baek²,

Kim

et al. 2021

Phys Act Nutr

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[Purpose] Exercise can prevent conditions such as atrophy and degenerative brain diseases. However, owing to individual differences in athletic ability, exercise supplements can be used to improve a person’s exercise capacity. Schisandra chinensis (SC) is a natural product with various physiologically active effects. In this study, we analyzed SC using a pharmacological network and determined whether it could be used as an exercise supplement.[Methods] The active compounds of SC and target genes were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The active compound and target genes were selected based on pharmacokinetic (PK) conditions (oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30%, Caco-2 permeability (Caco-2) ≥ -0.4, and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18). Gene ontology (GO) was analyzed using the Cytoscape software.[Results] Eight active compounds were identified according to the PK conditions. Twenty-one target genes were identified after excluding duplicates in the eight active compounds. The top 10 GOs were analyzed using GO-biological process analysis. GO was subsequently divided into three representative categories: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity (53.85%), an intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway (36.46%), and endopeptidase activity (10%). SC is related to immune function.[Conclusion] According to the GO analysis, SC plays a role in immunity and inflammation, promotes liver metabolism, improves fatigue, and regulates the function of steroid receptors. Therefore, we suggest SC as an exercise supplement with nutritional and anti-fatigue benefits.

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“…Obesity has reached pandemic proportions worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of numerous metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperlipidemia, collectively called metabolic syndrome [1,2]. Thus, millions of patients are affected by this condition and at high risk of numerous cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoform-Specific Role of GSK-3 in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance

Gupte

Tousif

Lemon

et al. 2022

Cells

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Obesity-associated metabolic disorders are rising to pandemic proportions; hence, there is an urgent need to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) signaling is highly implicated in metabolic diseases. Furthermore, GSK-3 expression and activity are increased in Type 2 diabetes patients. However, the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in obesity and glucose intolerance is unclear. Pharmacological GSK-3 inhibitors are not isoform-specific, and tissue-specific genetic models are of limited value to predict the clinical outcome of systemic inhibiion. To overcome these limitations, we created novel mouse models of ROSA26CreERT2-driven, tamoxifen-inducible conditional deletion of GSK-3 that allowed us to delete the gene globally in an isoform-specific and temporal manner. Isoform-specific GSK-3 KOs and littermate controls were subjected to a 16-week high-fat diet (HFD) protocol. On an HFD, GSK-3α KO mice had a significantly lower body weight and modest improvement in glucose tolerance compared to their littermate controls. In contrast, GSK-3β-deletion-mediated improved glucose tolerance was evident much earlier in the timeline and extended up to 12 weeks post-HFD. However, this protective effect weakened after chronic HFD (16 weeks) when GSK-3β KO mice had a significantly higher body weight compared to controls. Importantly, GSK-3β KO mice on a control diet maintained significant improvement in glucose tolerance even after 16 weeks. In summary, our novel mouse models allowed us to delineate the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in obesity and glucose tolerance. From a translational perspective, our findings underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy weight in patients receiving lithium therapy, which is thought to work by GSK-3 inhibition mechanisms.

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An Update on the Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 267 publications

References 99 publications

Dual Targeting of PTP1B and Aldose Reductase with Marine Drug Phosphoeleganin: A Promising Strategy for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Dual Targeting of PTP1B and Aldose Reductase with Marine Drug Phosphoeleganin: A Promising Strategy for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Systematic analysis of the pharmacological function of Schisandra as a potential exercise supplement

Isoform-Specific Role of GSK-3 in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance

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