An update on the functional roles of long non‑coding RNAs in ischemic injury (Review)

Abstract

Ischemic injuries result from ischemia and hypoxia in cells. Tissues and organs receive an insufficient supply of nutrients and accumulate metabolic waste, which leads to the development of inflammation, fibrosis and a series of other issues. Ischemic injuries in the brain, heart, kidneys, lungs and other organs can cause severe adverse effects. Acute renal ischemia induces acute renal failure, heart ischemia induces myocardial infarction and cerebral ischemia induces cerebrovascular accidents, leading to loss of movement, consciousness and possibly, life-threatening disabilities. Existing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory sequences involved in transcription, post-transcription, epigenetic regulation and multiple physiological processes. lncRNAs have been shown to be differentially expressed following ischemic injury, with the severity of the ischemic injury being affected by the upregulation or downregulation of certain types of lncRNA. The present review article provides an extensive summary of the functional roles of lncRNAs in ischemic injury, with a focus on the brain, heart, kidneys and lungs. The present review mainly summarizes the functional roles of lncRNA MALAT1, lncRNA MEG3, lncRNA H19, lncRNA TUG1, lncRNA NEAT1, lncRNA AK139328 and lncRNA CAREL, among which lncRNA MALAT1, in particular, plays a crucial role in ischemic injury and is currently a hot research topic.

Identification of brain endothelial cell-specific genes and pathways in ischemic stroke by integrated bioinformatical analysis

“…Moreover, we conducted a literature research and confirmed the functional involvement of above-mentioned upregulated lncRNAs in IS. [ 48 49 50 ] Specially, lncRNA Malat1 was currently a hot research topic for its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in cerebrovasculature to reduce brain ischemic damages. [ 48 51 ]…”

“…[ 48 49 50 ] Specially, lncRNA Malat1 was currently a hot research topic for its anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in cerebrovasculature to reduce brain ischemic damages. [ 48 51 ]…”

Crosstalk among N6-methyladenosine modification and RNAs in central nervous system injuries

“…Long non-coding RNA refer to the transcripts of non-coding RNAs that are >200 nucleotides in length, they include five different subtypes: sense lncRNA, antisense lncRNA, bidirectional lncRNA, intergenic lncRNA and intronic lncRNA ( Cao et al, 2022 ). LncRNAs were primarily considered as simply transcriptional by-products, recent research have found that they regulate various physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as immunity, cell differentiation and proliferation ( Zhang and Wang, 2019 ).…”

LncRNAs and CircRNAs as Strategies against Pathological Conditions Caused by a Hypoxic/Anoxic State

“…If the demands for oxygen are higher than the possible delivery, this leads to hypoxic brain damage, which can further continue to anoxic brain damage if the oxygen delivery is fully disrupted. Throughout life, there are numerous ways that hypoxic/anoxic conditions may occur, and this includes but is not limited to asphyxia [1], cardiac arrest [2], traumatic vascular injuries [3], septic shock [4], drug overdoses [5], carbon monoxide poisoning [6], severe hypotension [7], and brain cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke [8], as well as other anoxic/hypoxic conditions including obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) [9,10], heart failure [11,12], and acute lung injury [13].…”