An Update on the Pathogenesis of Fascioliasis: What Do We Know?

Tanabe, Melinda; Caravedo, Maria; White, A; Cabada, Miguel

doi:10.2147/rrtm.s397138

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 106 publications

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“…Thus, the knowledge of the host pathogenesis induced by F. hepatica infection and a greater understanding of the parasite–host interaction and the mechanisms of evasion and/or modulation of the parasite against the immune response of the host could help in a more rational design of vaccine candidates [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. To date, the majority of vaccine trials and experimental studies in ruminants to evaluate host–parasite interactions have been conducted on single infections, mainly focused on chronic stage infections [ 18 ], while natural infections occur by small repetitive doses (trickle infection).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation from Fasciola hepatica Experimentally Infected and Reinfected Sheep

Herrera-Torres,

Ruiz-Campillo,

Bautista

et al. 2024

Animals

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Fasciolosis is an important economic disease of livestock. There is a global interest in the development of protective vaccines since the current anthelmintic therapy is no longer sustainable. A better knowledge of the host–parasite interaction is needed to design effective vaccines. To date, few studies have evaluated host–parasite interaction by comparing infected and reinfected animals. The present study evaluates the microscopical hepatic lesions in sheep infected and reinfected with Fasciola hepatica during the acute and chronic stages of infection. The histopathological study revealed the presence of necrotizing foci (NF1) associated with larvae migration during the early stages of infection in the primoinfected (PI) and reinfected (RI) groups. In the late stages of infection of the PI group and at the early and late stages of infection in the RI groups, extensive necrotizing/hemorrhagic foci (NF2) were found in the vicinity of enlarged bile ducts, some containing adult flukes, suggesting parasites may have caused NF2 while feeding. The immunohistochemical study revealed an increase in Foxp3+ T cells in both PI and RI groups with respect to the UC group and in the infiltrates adjacent to NF1 in the RI groups with respect to the PI group, suggesting the F. hepatica induce Foxp3 T cell expansion to facilitate parasite survival. In addition, in both the PI and RI groups, and during acute and chronic stages of the infection, a poor expression of iNOS was found accompanied by a strong expression of CD163, suggesting a marked M2 activation of macrophages in the hepatic lesions, which may be related with healing processes, and it also may facilitate parasite survival. The main differences between PI and RI animals were the more severe infiltration of eosinophils and Foxp3+ T cells, whereas RI did not modify M2 activation of macrophages which occurs since the early stages of primoinfection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation from Fasciola hepatica Experimentally Infected and Reinfected Sheep

Herrera-Torres,

Ruiz-Campillo,

Bautista

et al. 2024

Animals

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Impact of Fasciola hepatica Infection and Triclabendazole Treatment on Humoral Immune Response in Cattle

Costa,

Saravia,

Ubios

et al. 2024

Parasite Immunology

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Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite of significant veterinary and public health importance, causing economic losses in livestock due to liver damage, weight loss and reduced milk production. Although triclabendazole (TCZ) is available for treatment, it does not prevent the disease or reinfection. Infected animals exhibit strong immunoregulation, increasing susceptibility to secondary infections and altering vaccine‐induced antibody responses. This study investigates the humoral immune response in cattle infected with F. hepatica at different stages of infection and evaluates the effect of TCZ treatment on this response. It also examines how fasciolosis affects the antibody response induced by bacterial vaccines during early and chronic infection stages. Experimental infections in steers were conducted, with faecal and plasma samples collected at various intervals. The results showed a decrease in parasite‐specific antibody avidity during infection. However, F. hepatica infection did not substantially modify antibody response to bacterial vaccines. This study underscores the need for further research on the impact of fasciolosis and its treatment on livestock vaccination efficacy.

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Exploring glutathione transferase and Cathepsin L-like proteinase for designing of epitopes-based vaccine against Fasciola hepatica by immunoinformatics and biophysics studies

Alhassan,

Ullah,

Niazy

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Fasciolosis is a zoonotic infection and is considered a developing deserted tropical illness threatening ruminant productivity and causing financial losses. Herein, we applied immunoinformatics and biophysics studies to develop an epitopes vaccine against Fasciola hepatica using glutathione transferase and Cathepsin L-like proteinase as possible vaccine candidates. Using the selected proteins, B- and T-cell epitopes were predicted. After epitopes prediction, the epitopes were clarified over immunoinformatics screening, and only five epitopes, EFGRWQQEKCTIDLD, RRNIWEKNVKHIQEH, FKAKYLTEMSRASDI, TDMTFEEFKAKYLTE, and YTAVEGQCR were selected for vaccine construction; selected epitopes were linked with the help of a GPGPG linker and attached with an adjuvant through another linker, EAAAK linker. Cholera toxin B subunit was used as an adjuvant. The ExPASy ProtParam tool server predicted 234 amino acids, 25.86257 kDa molecular weight, 8.54 theoretical pI, 36.86 instability index, and −0.424 grand average of hydropathicity. Molecular docking analysis predicted that the vaccine could activate the immune system against F. hepatica. We calculated negative binding energy values. A biophysics study, likely molecular docking molecular dynamic simulation, further validated the docking results. In molecular dynamic simulation analysis, the top hit docked compounds with the lowest binding energy values were subjected to MD simulation; the simulation analysis showed that the vaccine and immune cell receptors are stable and can activate the immune system. MMGBSA of −146.27 net energy (kcal/mol) was calculated for the vaccine–TLR2 complex, while vaccine–TLR4 of −148.11 net energy (kcal/mol) was estimated. Furthermore, the C-ImmSim bioinformatics tool predicted that the vaccine construct can activate the immune system against F. hepatica, eradicate the infection caused by F. hepatica, and reduce financial losses that need to be spent while protecting against infections of F. hepatica. The computational immune simulation unveils that the vaccine model can activate the immune system against F. hepatica; hence, the experimental scientist can validate the finding accomplished through computational approaches.

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An Update on the Pathogenesis of Fascioliasis: What Do We Know?

Cited by 3 publications

References 106 publications

Liver Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation from Fasciola hepatica Experimentally Infected and Reinfected Sheep

Liver Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation from Fasciola hepatica Experimentally Infected and Reinfected Sheep

Impact of Fasciola hepatica Infection and Triclabendazole Treatment on Humoral Immune Response in Cattle

Exploring glutathione transferase and Cathepsin L-like proteinase for designing of epitopes-based vaccine against Fasciola hepatica by immunoinformatics and biophysics studies

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