An update on the pharmacotherapeutic interventions for smoking cessation

Barboza, Jose; Patel, Radha; Patel, Pooja; Hudmon, Karen Suchanek

doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1197203

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Using vertebrate models, naltrexone has been demonstrated to reduce cocaine intake (Mello et al, 1990; Corrigall and Coen, 1991; Ramsey and van Ree, 1991) and seeking (Giuliano et al, 2013); opioid intake in animal models and humans (Negus and Banks, 2013), and has recently been shown to decrease cannabis self-administration and subjective effects in chronic cannabis users (Haney et al, 2015). Naltrexone has shown mixed effects on nicotine use in humans (Aboujaoude and Salame, 2016; Barboza et al, 2016; Kirshenbaum et al, 2016). Rodent studies indicate that naltrexone can reduce nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization (Goutier et al, 2016) self-administration at 2.0 mg/kg (Guy et al, 2014) but not 1.0 mg/kg or below (Le et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caenorhabditis elegans Show Preference for Stimulants and Potential as a Model Organism for Medications Screening

et al. 2018

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The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a popular invertebrate model organism to study neurobiological disease states. This is due in part to the intricate mapping of all neurons and synapses of the entire animal, the wide availability of mutant strains, and the genetic and molecular tools that can be used to manipulate the genome and gene expression. We have shown that, C. elegans develops a conditioned preference for cues that had previously been paired with either cocaine or methamphetamine exposure that is dependent on dopamine neurotransmission, similar to findings using place conditioning with rats and mice. In the current study, we show C. elegans also display a preference for, and self-exposure to, cocaine and nicotine. This substance of abuse (SOA) preference response can be selectively blocked by pretreatment with naltrexone and is consistent with the recent discovery of an opioid receptor system in C. elegans. In addition, pre-exposure to the smoking cessation treatment varenicline also inhibits self-exposure to nicotine. Exposure to concentrations of treatments that inhibit SOA preference/self-exposure did not induce any significant inhibition of locomotor activity or affect food or benzaldehyde chemotaxis. These data provide predictive validity for the development of high-throughput C. elegans behavioral medication screens. These screens could enable fast and accurate generation of data to identify compounds that may be effective in treating human addiction. The successful development and validation of such models would introduce powerful and novel tools in the search for new pharmacological treatments for substance use disorders, and provide a platform to study the mechanisms that underlie addictions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caenorhabditis elegans Show Preference for Stimulants and Potential as a Model Organism for Medications Screening

et al. 2018

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“…This indicates that health-care professionals should seek to engage themselves in helping smokers quit, and should do so in a non-judgmental fashion, instead offering advice and support. This is particularly important when considering the effectiveness of anti-nicotine interventions and pharmacotherapy, which signi cantly increase the chance of successful smoking cessation [73][74][75]. In Poland, smokers can obtain anti-nicotine advice from general practitioners, but they have no access to smoking-cessation clinics, as no such institutions exist in many parts of the country [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for and Scenarios Associated With Failure to Cease Smoking: Results From a Qualitative Study Among Smokers Who Had Unsuccessfully Attempted to Quit

Buczkowski

Dachtera-Frąckiewicz

Luszkiewicz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Most smokers attempt to quit smoking, but few are successful. Data regarding the reasons for this relapse and the course of the relapse process may be helpful for determining efficient methods of smoking cessation. This study aimed to identify the causes of and scenarios associated with smoking relapse after effective smoking cessation. Methods: We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with smokers who had previously unsuccessfully attempted to quit. The data underwent qualitative content analysis. Results: Three major themes were identified: Reasons for smoking relapse; Smoking relapse scenarios; and Perception of the influence of personal environments, including family and physicians, on refraining from smoking after cessation. The first theme comprised the following subthemes: insufficient willpower and self-discipline, contact with smokers, exposure to stressful situations, lack of family support, weight gain, and insufficient improvement in one’s mental and physical well-being. The second theme contained enjoyable social events, professional life, critical events, and encouragement to smoke from family members. The respondents frequently emphasized the large role of interaction with other smokers. Conclusions: The predominant factors underlying smoking relapse include insufficient willpower and self-discipline and exposure to stress. The most frequent relapse scenario concerned experiencing negative or positive emotions when interacting with other smokers.

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“…Given that NRT was the first approved treatment for nicotine dependence, numerous studies and reviews have accumulated in the literature . Robust evidence suggests that NRT products are effective treatments for quitting smoking.…”

Section: Evidence‐based Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Given that NRT was the first approved treatment for nicotine dependence, numerous studies and reviews have accumulated in the literature. 8,9 Robust evidence suggests that NRT products are effective treatments for quitting smoking. As such, it is not surprising that a systematic review including 150 trials, with over 50,000 participants, comparing any type of NRT versus placebo or non-NRT control group, reported that all NRT formulations consistently improved cessation rates.…”

Section: Nicotine Replacement Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Cessation of Tobacco Smoking

et al. 2018

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Tobacco use disorder is a chronic illness. With its high comorbidity rate, it is a major cause of years of life lost or years lived with disability; however, it is also considered the most preventable cause of death in developed countries. Since the development of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in 1978, treatment options have continued to evolve and expand. Despite this, currently available treatments remain insufficient, with less than 25% of smokers remaining abstinent 1 year after treatment. In this article, we review existing and emerging smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, with a special emphasis on the most promising agents that are currently being investigated. A search of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the PubMed, Ovid, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases (August 2 to September 1, 2017) was undertaken for articles on smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, applying no language restrictions. More than 40 pharmacotherapies were reviewed including conventional pharmacotherapies-NRT, bupropion, and varenicline (all approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as first-line treatment of smoking cessation)-and novel therapies: cytisine, N-acetylcysteine, cycloserine, memantine, baclofen, topiramate, galantamine, and bromocriptine. Studies of combination NRT and varenicline showed the greatest smoking cessation rates. Clonidine and nortriptyline are second-line treatments used when first-line treatments fail or are contraindicated, or by patient preference. Some novel therapies, especially acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, cytisine, and N-acetylcysteine, display promising results. Because the results of randomized clinical trials were reported using varied end points and outcome measures, direct comparisons between different pharmacotherapies cannot easily be evaluated. Additional high-quality randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials with long-term follow-up, using validated sustained abstinence measures, are needed to find more effective smoking cessation aids.

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An update on the pharmacotherapeutic interventions for smoking cessation

Abstract: To improve chances of success, providers should consider patient preferences and prior experiences with quitting, provide medication-specific counseling for the selected therapy, and encourage adherence with the behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic treatment regimen.

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

Caenorhabditis elegans Show Preference for Stimulants and Potential as a Model Organism for Medications Screening

Caenorhabditis elegans Show Preference for Stimulants and Potential as a Model Organism for Medications Screening

Reasons for and Scenarios Associated With Failure to Cease Smoking: Results From a Qualitative Study Among Smokers Who Had Unsuccessfully Attempted to Quit

Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies for Cessation of Tobacco Smoking

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