An Update on the Pivotal Roles of Probiotics, Their Components, and Metabolites in Preventing Colon Cancer

Abstract

Diet, lifestyle, and gut microbiota composition are key risk factors for the progression of colon cancer. Probiotics are living microorganisms that can offer health benefits to the parasitifer when ingested in competent quantities. Several in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotics can prevent and mitigate the development of colon cancer. The anti-colon cancer mechanisms of probiotics include the suppression of cell proliferation and the promotion of cancer cell apoptosis, immunomodulation, the modulation of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolism, strengthening the intestinal barrier, and antioxidant effects. This article describes the pathogenesis of colon cancer and the available therapeutic options. In addition, this paper reviews the mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate colon cancer as well as the mitigating effects of probiotic components and metabolites on colon cancer.

Pharmacological therapy of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-driven hepatocellular carcinoma

“…The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) inhibits the development of HCC induced by DEN and HFD, suggesting that EPA attenuates the development of obesity-related MASLD-HCC by suppressing STAT3 (Inoue-Yamauchi et al, 2018). An increasing number of studies have shown that probiotics can prevent and mitigate the development of cancer (Deng et al, 2023;Zhao et al, 2023). Probiotics suppressed HCC pathogenesis by inhibiting the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reducing oxidative stress in a hepatocyte-specific PTEN knockout mouse MASLD model (Arai et al, 2022).…”

Effects of Viable and Heat-Inactivated Bifidobacterium longum D42 on Proliferation and Apoptosis of HT-29 Human Colon Cancer Cells

“…In recent years, the incidence rate of colon cancer in China has been rising rapidly and this trend is predicted to continue in the next few years [ 2 ]. The occurrence and development of colon cancer is a complicated process influenced by multiple factors like genetic factors, environment, and lifestyle; however, most cases of colon cancer can be due to lifestyle and aging, while a few cases are attributed to underlying genetic diseases [ 3 ]. In addition, research over the past few decades has shown that the role of the intestinal microbiota is becoming more and more important in health and disease, and the occurrence of various diseases is related to biological dysbiosis in the gut [ 4 ].…”