An update on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and degenerative diseases

Lorente‐Cebrián, Silvia; Costa, André Gustavo Vasconcelos; Navas-Carretero, Santiago; Zabala, María; Laiglesia, Laura M.; Martínéz, J. Alfredo; Moreno-Aliaga, María J.

doi:10.1007/s13105-015-0395-y

Cited by 106 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…DHA has also been reported to be capable of modulating the neuronal production of AD, releasing and reuptaking neurotransmitters, and ameliorating neurodegenerative disease [29,31,32]. Several studies emphasize the neuroprotective properties of DHA-derived neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) and its potential beneficial effects on AD [33,34]. All of these studies demonstrated that the DHA is correlated to the AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the free fatty acids in serum obtained from patients with Alzheimer’s disease1

Chen

Liu

Xie

et al. 2015

BME

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Abstract. As the worldwide elderly population has grown, the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has steadily increased. The differential lifelong exposure of populations to dietary fatty acids has raised concerns about the potential links between cognitive impairments and nutrition. However, few studies have addressed the levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) in AD patient serum. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the levels of 15 serum FFAs in 31 AD patients and 33 healthy controls. The optimized methodology entailed the formation of methyl esters using 10% v/v H 2 SO 4 /CH3OH at 62°C for 2 hours. The linear range was 0.55-300 ȝg/mL, the range of recovery was 85.1-104.3%, and the detection limit was 0.03-0.08 ȝg/mL. Several FFAs in the AD patient significantly decreased when compared to the control, including three saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) and six unsaturated fatty acids (C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, Ȗ-C18:3, C20:2, and C22:6). The serum level of C18:3 was significantly higher in the AD patients. The FFA profiles of the AD patients differed significantly from those of controls. The method effectively determined the FFA levels and could facilitate future studies regarding the relationship between AD and the metabolism of FFAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the free fatty acids in serum obtained from patients with Alzheimer’s disease1

Chen

Liu

Xie

et al. 2015

BME

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“…[10][11][12] DHA, a kind of ω-3 fatty acids, is present in abundant amount in both fish oil and algae oil. However, there is a lack of data regarding the inhibition effect of algae oil on melanoma cells as well as protection effect on UV-induced skin damage in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of coffee oil-algae oil-based nanoemulsions and the study of their inhibition effect on UVA-induced skin damage in mice and melanoma cell growth

Yang¹,

Hung²,

Chen³

2017

IJN

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Coffee grounds, a waste by-product generated after making coffee, contains approximately 15% coffee oil which can be used as a raw material in cosmetics. Algae oil rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been demonstrated to possess anticancer and anti-inflammation functions. The objectives of this study were to develop a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of fatty acids in coffee oil and algae oil and prepare a nanoemulsion for studying its inhibition effect on ultraviolet A-induced skin damage in mice and growth of melanoma cells B16-F10. A total of 8 and 5 fatty acids were separated and quantified in coffee oil and algae oil by GC-MS, respectively, with linoleic acid (39.8%) dominating in the former and DHA (33.9%) in the latter. A nanoemulsion with a particle size of 30 nm, zeta potential −72.72 mV, and DHA encapsulation efficiency 100% was prepared by using coffee oil, algae oil, surfactant (20% Span 80 and 80% Tween 80), and deionized water. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed a high stability of nanoemulsion when heated up to 110°C at a pH 6, whereas no significant changes in particle size distribution and pH occurred over a 90-day storage period at 4°C. Animal experiments showed that a dose of 0.1% coffee oil-algae oil nanoemulsion was effective in mitigating trans-epidermal water loss, skin erythema, melanin formation, and subcutaneous blood flow. Cytotoxicity test implied effective inhibition of melanoma cell growth by nanoemulsion with an IC 50 value of 26.5 µg/mL and the cell cycle arrested at G2/M phase. A dose-dependent upregulation of p53, p21, cyclin B, and cyclin A expressions and downregulation of CDK1 and CDK2 occurred. Also, both Bax and cytochrome c expressions were upregulated and bcl-2 expression downregulated, accompanied by a rise in caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activities for apoptosis execution. Collectively, the apoptosis pathway of melanoma cells B16-F10 may involve both mitochondria and death receptor.

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“…The omega-3 fatty acids docosohexanoic acid (DHA) and eicosopentanoic acid (EPA) are anti-inflammatory, [42] and can be increased in the diet via foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as high fat fish (DHA and EPA) or by omega-3 fatty acid supplements. Reducing the omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio in the diet, which is currently about 15-20:1 vs. the 1:1 ratio that human ancestors consumed, [43] would be a further strategy to reduce inflammation.…”

Section: Prevention and Treatment Of Obesity To Reduce T2dm And Demenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among Visceral Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Dementia

Heiss¹,

Goldberg²

2016

J Obes Eat Disord

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Obesity is a recognized global epidemic. Obese individuals are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and both obesity and diabetes are known risk factors for dementia, another global public health issue. This paper reviews research on the link between obesity, and dementia, with an emphasis on visceral obesity. Some obese individuals, the metabolically healthy obese, do not appear to be at increased risk from excess body fat, but most eventually become metabolically unhealthy over time. Accumulation of visceral fat appears to be particularly problematic. Visceral obesity results in increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver, which, in turn, increases insulin resistance. Visceral obesity is associated with increased inflammatory adipokines which can promote cardiovascular disease and dementia. In addition, a long term complication of T2DM is dementia, due to the vascular complications and increased inflammatory status associated with the disease. These issues highlight the need for health professionals to work to prevent and treat obesity, especially visceral obesity, to optimize health and decrease the likelihood of developing debilitating chronic diseases such as T2DM and dementia. The Mediterranean diet may be useful in decreasing inflammation and dementia risk. Other dietary factors that reduce inflammation, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk (and thus dementia) independent of weight loss are addressed.

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An update on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and degenerative diseases

Cited by 106 publications

References 51 publications

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the free fatty acids in serum obtained from patients with Alzheimer’s disease1

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the free fatty acids in serum obtained from patients with Alzheimer’s disease1

Preparation of coffee oil-algae oil-based nanoemulsions and the study of their inhibition effect on UVA-induced skin damage in mice and melanoma cell growth

Associations among Visceral Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Dementia

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