An Update on the Signals Controlling Shoot Branching

Barbier, François; Dun, Elizabeth A.; Kerr, Stephanie C.; Chabikwa, Tinashe G.; Beveridge, Christine A.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2018.12.001

Cited by 268 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…The lack of cellular transport and VInv cleavage may explain why palatinose did not initiate branching and elongation in our system. Taken together, our results are consistent with previous reports of sucrose’s central role in bud release (reviewed in Barbier et al, 2019). The lower effect of sucrose-degradation products suggests that sucrose not only acts as an energy source, but also through other pathways, to initiate branching.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The imported sucrose can contribute to cellular growth processes by contributing to the carbon skeleton and energy, and by providing osmotically active molecules for cell expansion. Similarly, the sucrose imported into the bud, or its cleavage products (hexoses) derived from the action of VInv , may serve as signal molecules to regulate genes involved in development (Li and Sheen, 2016; Wang et al, 2018; Gibson, 2005; Barbier et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, the growing shoot apex inhibits the outgrowth of axillary buds further down the stem to control the number of branches. This phenomenon is referred to as apical dominance (Phillips, 1975; Ferguson and Beveridge, 2009; Wingler, 2017; Barbier et al, 2019). In response to decapitation, plants have evolved rapid long-distance signaling, involving sugars, to release axillary buds and replenish the plant with new growing shoot tips (Mason et al, 2014; Fichtner et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the hormone and genetics era of plant biology research, the nutrient diversion theory of apical dominance was predominant (Wardlaw & Mortimer, 1970), involving the simple idea that bud outgrowth is inhibited by competition for resources (Kebrom, 2017; Barbier et al, 2019). The theory was narrowed down to sugar nutrients, proposing that apical dominance is maintained largely by sugar demand of the shoot tip, which limits the amount of sugar available to the axillary buds (Mason et al, 2014; Rameau et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sucrose promotes etiolated stem branching through activation of cytokinin accumulation followed by vacuolar invertase activity

Barbier

Danieli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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16The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber is a swollen stem. Sprouts growing from the tuber 17 nodes represent dormancy release and loss of apical dominance. We recently identified 18 sucrose as a key player in triggering potato stem branching. To decipher the mechanisms by 19 which sucrose induces stem branching, we investigated the nature of the inducing molecule 20 and the involvement of vacuolar invertase (VInv) and the plant hormone cytokinin (CK) in 21 this process. Sucrose was more efficient at enhancing lateral bud burst and elongation than 22 either of its hexose moieties (glucose and fructose), or a slowly metabolizable analog of 23 sucrose (palatinose). Sucrose feeding induced expression of the sucrose transporter gene 24 SUT2, followed by enhanced expression and activity of VInv in the lateral bud prior to its 25 burst. We observed a reduction in the number of branches on stems of VInv-RNA interference 26 lines during sucrose feeding, suggesting that sucrose breakdown is needed for lateral bud 27 burst. Sucrose feeding led to increased CK content in the lateral bud base prior to bud burst. 28 Inhibition of CK synthesis or perception inhibited the sucrose-induced bud burst, suggesting 29 that sucrose induces stem branching through CK. Together, our results indicate that sucrose 30 is transported to the bud, where it promotes bud burst by inducing CK accumulation and VInv 31 activity. 32 33 34In plants, the growing shoot apex inhibits the outgrowth of axillary buds further down the 35 stem to control the number of branches. This phenomenon is referred to as apical dominance 36

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sucrose promotes etiolated stem branching through activation of cytokinin accumulation followed by vacuolar invertase activity

Barbier

Danieli

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…While the TPPs and brassinosteroid signalling have not yet been implicated in promoting floral fate in Arabidopsis , they oppose branching in Maize 44 and Setaria 45 inflorescences, respectively. In addition, components of strigolactone, cytokinin, auxin, abscisic acid as well as sugar signalling may promote branch outgrowth 46, 47 . Further support for a possible role of these signalling pathway components in branch outgrowth comes from phenotypic analyses.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Florigen family chromatin recruitment, competition and target genes

Zhu

Klasfeld

et al. 2020

Preprint

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17Plants monitor seasonal cues, such as day-length, to optimize life history traits including 18 onset of reproduction and inflorescence architecture 1-3 . Florigen family transcriptional 19 co-regulators TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) 20 antagonistically regulate these vital processes 4-6 yet how TFL1 and FT execute their 21 roles and what the mechanism is for their antagonism remains poorly understood. We 22 Main 35Plant development occurs after embryogenesis and is plastic, this allows modulation of 36 the final body plan in response to environmental cues to enhance growth and 37 reproductive success 7,8 . Of particular importance for species survival is the timing of the 38 formation of flowers that give rise to seeds which occurs in response to the seasonal 39 cues photoperiod and temperature 1,3,9 . For example, in plants that flower only once, like 40Arabidopsis and most crops, an early switch to flower formation allows rapid completion 41 of the life-cycle in a short growing season, but reduces total seed set or yield 10-12 . By 42 contrast, delaying flower formation supports formation of more seeds, but extends the 43 time to seed set. In many plant species, these alternative developmental trajectories are 44 tuned in response to daylength in antagonistic fashion by two members of the florigen 45 family of proteins 12,13 . FT promotes onset of the reproductive phase and flower 46 formation (determinacy), while TFL1 promotes vegetative development and branch fate 47 (indeterminacy) 4-6,13 . In Arabidopsis, which flowers in the spring, FT accumulates only 48 when the daylength exceeds a critical threshold, while TFL1 is present in both short-day 49 and long-day conditions 1,3,14 . A key unanswered question is how FT and TFL1 50 modulate plant form -what are the downstream processes they set in motion and what 51 is molecular basis for their antagonism? 52 53Accumulating evidence points to roles of FT and TFL1, which lack ability to bind DNA, 54 in transcriptional activation and repression, respectively, by forming complexes with a 55 bZIP transcription factor, FLOWERING LOCUS D (FD) 12,15-19 , although non-nuclear 56 functions for both proteins have also been described 20,21 . Mechanistic insight into 57 florigen activity has been hampered by their low protein abundance. To overcome this 58 limitation and to test the role of TFL1 in the nucleus, we conducted TFL1 chromatin 59 immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq). Towards this end, we first 60 generated a biologically active, genomic GFP-tagged version of TFL1 (gTFL1-GFP tfl1-61 1) (Supplementary Fig. 1a, b). Next, we enriched for TFL1 expressing cells by isolating 62 shoot apices from 42-day-old short-day-grown inflorescences just prior to onset of 63 flower formation (Fig. 1a). Finally, we optimized low abundance ChIP by combining 64 eight individual ChIP reactions per ChIP-seq replicate. We conducted FD ChIP-seq in 65 4 analogous fashion using a published 22 , biologically active ( Supplementary Fig. 1c), 66 genomic...

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Identification of new potential downstream transcriptional targets of the strigolactone pathway including glucosinolate biosynthesis

et al. 2023

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Strigolactones regulate shoot branching and many aspects of plant growth, development, and allelopathy. Strigolactones are often discussed alongside auxin because they work together to inhibit shoot branching. However, the roles and mechanisms of strigolactones and how they act independently of auxin are still elusive. Additionally, there is still much in general to be discovered about the network of molecular regulators and their interactions in response to strigolactones. Here, we conducted an experiment in Arabidopsis with physiological treatments and strigolactone mutants to determine transcriptional pathways associated with strigolactones. The three physiological treatments included shoot tip removal with and without auxin treatment and treatment of intact plants with the auxin transport inhibitor, N‐1‐naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). We identified the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway as being upregulated across strigolactone mutants indicating strigolactone–glucosinolate crosstalk. Additionally, strigolactone application cannot restore the highly branched phenotype observed in glucosinolate biosynthesis mutants, placing glucosinolate biosynthesis downstream of strigolactone biosynthesis. Oxidative stress genes were enriched across the experiment suggesting that this process is mediated through multiple hormones. Here, we also provide evidence supporting non‐auxin‐mediated, negative feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis. Increases in strigolactone biosynthesis gene expression seen in strigolactone mutants could not be fully restored by auxin. By contrast, auxin could fully restore auxin‐responsive gene expression increases, but not sugar signaling‐related gene expression. Our data also point to alternative roles of the strigolactone biosynthesis genes and potential new signaling functions of strigolactone precursors. In this study, we identify a strigolactone‐specific regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes indicating that the two are linked and may work together in regulating stress and shoot branching responses in Arabidopsis. Additionally, we provide evidence for non‐auxin‐mediated feedback on strigolactone biosynthesis and discuss this in the context of sugar signaling.

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An Update on the Signals Controlling Shoot Branching

Cited by 268 publications

References 169 publications

Sucrose promotes etiolated stem branching through activation of cytokinin accumulation followed by vacuolar invertase activity

Sucrose promotes etiolated stem branching through activation of cytokinin accumulation followed by vacuolar invertase activity

Florigen family chromatin recruitment, competition and target genes

Identification of new potential downstream transcriptional targets of the strigolactone pathway including glucosinolate biosynthesis

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