An Update Review of Approaches to Multiple Action-Based Antibacterials

Abstract

Many approaches are being pursued to address the major global health challenge posed by the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibacterial agents. One of the promising approaches being investigated includes the design and development of multiple action-based small-molecule antibacterials. Aspects of this broad area have been reviewed previously, and recent developments are addressed in this update review covering the literature mainly over the past three years. Considerations encompassing drug combinations, single-molecule hybrids and prodrugs are summarised in regard to the intentional design and development of multiple-action agents with a focus on potential triple or greater activities in bacteria. The hope for such single agents or combinations of single agents is that resistance development will be significantly hindered, and they may be useful in tackling bacterial disease caused by both resistant and non-resistant bacteria.

Interactions of plumbagin with five common antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro

“…S. aureus has developed resistance to numerous antimicrobial agents, posing significant clinical challenges in the treatment of infectious diseases [3][4][5]. In this context, there remains a clinical imperative to search for new antimicrobial substances from various sources, such as medicinal plants, and to identify novel therapies with improved efficacy and diminished toxicity, such as the combined use of adjuvants and antibiotics [6][7][8].…”