An Updated Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

BackgroundCoronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Although the traditional risk factors for CHD have been identified, it seems that there are still many CHD cases without these factors. Previous studies have hypothesized that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was associated with the risk of CHD.ObjectiveThe association between H. pylori infection and the risk of CHD was studied using a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis method.MethodsIn order to find relevant studies, four electronic databases were systematically searched until August 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies were screened and data were extracted. Under the random-effects or the fixed-effects model, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were combined. All analyses were conducted using Review Manager software (RevMan 5.4).ResultsAmong the included studies, 2 studies were analyzed for H. pylori stool antigen test, 2 studies were analyzed for H. pylori histological staining test, 13 studies were analyzed for the anti-CagA test, and 38 studies were analyzed for the anti-H. pylori IgG test. The pooled results revealed that positive anti-H. pylori IgG was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD (OR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.34–1.87). Similarly, positive anti-CagA, positive H. pylori stool antigen, and positive H. pylori histological staining were significantly associated with the development of CHD with (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16–1.53), (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.60–7.66), and (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.12–2.83), respectively.ConclusionThis meta-analysis showed that H. pylori infection increased the risk of CHD. However, more studies are needed to further investigate whether early eradication of H. pylori may reduce the morbidity of CHD.

Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of cardiovascular disease

“…Fang et al included 48 studies, involving 7522 cases and 8311 controls for analysis, and reported that H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of ACS (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.66–2.47) 83 . Similarly, Tong et al included cross‐sectional and cohort studies for analysis, and showed that patients with positive anti‐ H. pylori IgG were significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD (OR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.34–1.87) 84 . These meta‐analyses were limited by their inclusion of cross‐sectional studies, as well as studies without adjustment of other potential cardiovascular risk factors, therefore, the magnitude of the association between H. pylori infection and risk of CVD may be overestimated.…”

Helicobacter Pylori Virulence Factor Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA) Induces Vascular Calcification in Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells

“…Patients with angina pectoris have higher titers of anti-CagA antibodies compared to healthy controls [ 21 ]. Meta-analyses show an increased risk of atherosclerosis [ 26 ] as well as cardiovascular diseases, e.g., ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, among H. pylori -positive subjects [ 20 , 27 ]. H. pylori -specific DNA has been detected in coronary atherosclerotic plaques [ 28 ].…”

Associação entre a infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori e o risco de desenvolvimento da doença arterial coronariana: uma revisão de escopo

“…Tali e colaboradores comprovaram mediante a angiografia de cateterismo cardíaco que de 62 pacientes avaliados com DCC grave (portadores de estenose coronária ≥ 75%), 30 apresentaram anticorpos anti -H.Pyori Igg positivo, demonstrando assim uma franca relação entre as DCV´s e os processos infecciosos (Tali, et al, 2022). Do mesmo modo que (Matusiak, et al, 2016), (Sun, et al, 2016) e (Tong, et al, 2022), esse estudo também corrobora que a presença do DNA de HP em placas ateroscleróticas representa um achado patognomônico e possivelmente preditor de risco cardiovascular.…”

“…Da mesma forma que hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), a obesidade, as dislipidemias e o tabagismo representam fatores de risco (FR's) tradicionais que aumentam a susceptibilidade para a DAC, os estudos também apontam o papel que as infecções crônicas exercem para o surgimento de eventos cardiovasculares (Tong, et al, 2022). Ainda assim, a literatura científica estabelece a necessidade de maiores investigações acerca da relação entre as coronariopatias e a existência de infecção prévia por HP, sendo imprescindível a busca por mais esclarecimentos no que concerne a esse tema.…”