An Updated Overview of Advances in Somatic Embryogenesis in Forest Trees

Jain, S. Mohan

doi:10.1007/4-431-28054-5_10

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Applying short subcultures (14-21 days) on a maintenance (i.e. proliferation) medium is an essential step in establishing long-term cultures in many perennial crops [52-56]. The process of establishing coffee embryogenic cultures leads to the development and maintenance of three morphologically different callus phenotypes with highly contrasted potential for genetic transformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Coffea arabica (L.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures

et al. 2011

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BackgroundFollowing genome sequencing of crop plants, one of the main challenges today is determining the function of all the predicted genes. When gene validation approaches are used for woody species, the main obstacle is the low recovery rate of transgenic plants from elite or commercial cultivars. Embryogenic calli have frequently been the target tissue for transformation, but the difficulty in producing or maintaining embryogenic tissues is one of the main problems encountered in genetic transformation of many woody plants, including Coffea arabica.ResultsWe identified the conditions required for successful long-term proliferation of embryogenic cultures in C. arabica and designed a highly efficient and reliable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method based on these conditions. The transformation protocol with LBA1119 harboring pBin 35S GFP was established by evaluating the effect of different parameters on transformation efficiency by GFP detection. Using embryogenic callus cultures, co-cultivation with LBA1119 OD600 = 0.6 for five days at 20 °C enabled reproducible transformation. The maintenance conditions for the embryogenic callus cultures, particularly a high auxin to cytokinin ratio, the age of the culture (optimum for 7-10 months of proliferation) and the use of a yellow callus phenotype, were the most important factors for achieving highly efficient transformation (> 90%). At the histological level, successful transformation was related to the number of proembryogenic masses present. All the selected plants were proved to be transformed by PCR and Southern blot hybridization.ConclusionMost progress in increasing transformation efficiency in coffee has been achieved by optimizing the production conditions of embryogenic cultures used as target tissues for transformation. This is the first time that a strong positive effect of the age of the culture on transformation efficiency was demonstrated. Our results make Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic cultures a viable and useful tool both for coffee breeding and for the functional analysis of agronomically important genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Coffea arabica (L.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures

et al. 2011

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“…The rboh isoforms noticeably controlled diverse roles in the mechanism of callus differentiation in Eucalyptus. Generally, regulation of oxidative stress by a combination of DMTU, BAP, and PBU resulted in the formation of adventitious shoots in E. urophylla [14,18,94].…”

Section: Role Of Cytokinins In Micropropagation Of Eucalyptusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the decades, numerous somatic embryogenesis protocols for several Eucalyptus species have been reported [13,28,29]. However, the occurrence of somaclonal variation, low percentage of embryogenic initiation, and an inability of somatic embryos to reach complete maturation limit somatic embryogenesis adoption for clonal propagation in Eucalyptus [14]. It has been also reported that several factors, such as hormonal type and level, culture media, and ontogenetic age of tissue interfere with the diverse phases of somatic embryos [30].…”

Section: Somatic Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Induction of SE is among the most vital steps in the micropropagation technique and has been frequently tackled by the researchers. Nonetheless, low levels of embryogenic initiation, maturity, germination, as well as the occurrence of somaclonal variations are the most important internal hurdles in recalcitrant plant species such as Eucalyptus [14,32,106]. In the initial phase of somatic embryogenesis, various stimulus can trigger different mechanisms to achieve embryo development in plants (Figure 4).…”

Section: Role Of Auxins In Somatic Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the advancement in the micropropagation method, the obstacles in callus induction, regeneration, root induction, and acclimatisation are still the major challenges for clonal propagation of Eucalyptus. On the other hand, hyperhydricity, rapid browning, and poor explant response, which cause poor growth of explants and even failure of tissue culture procedure, are some of the other major factors affecting in vitro propagation of Eucalyptus [14]. The advantages and disadvantages of micropropagation methods in plants are presented in Figure 1 [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp.

Abiri

Atabaki

Hamid

et al. 2020

Forests

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Micropropagation is a reliable technique in biotechnology and genetic engineering domain, which has been widely applied for rapid mass propagation of plants in vitro condition. Through micropropagation techniques, reproduction of plants can be attained from different explants using organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Over the decades, micropropagation techniques have offered tremendous potential for forest tree improvement. Eucalyptus is a woody plant species recalcitrant to in vitro culture. In general, the micropropagation of Eucalyptus culture processes and the genotype, environment surroundings, and age of explants in culture media is frequently linked with the occurrence of micropropagation variation. In the current review paper, an update of the most important physiological and molecular phenomena aspects of Eucalyptus micropropagation was linked to the most profound information. To achieve the mentioned target, the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs), nutrients, other adjuvant and environmental features, as well as genetic interaction with morpho- and physiological mechanisms was studied from the induction to plant acclimatisation. On the other hand, important mechanisms behind the organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of Eucalyptus are discussed. The information of current review paper will help researchers in choosing the optimum condition based on the scenario behind the tissue culture technique of Eucalyptus. However, more studies are required to identify and overcome some of the crucial bottlenecks in this economically important forest species to establish efficient micropropagation protocol at the industrial level.

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Genetic control of somatic embryogenesis induction in Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Pinto

Park

Neves³

et al. 2008

Plant Cell Rep

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A reproducible protocol for somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction in Eucalyptus globulus from mature zygotic embryos is available since 2002. However, for the use of SE in tree breeding programs, the frequency of SE initiation needs to be improved and controlled, and this was investigated in 13 open-pollinated (OP) families over three consecutive years. A diallel mating design with five parent trees was used to study genetic control of SE induction. Results showed that SE induction varies across E. globulus families and over the years of seed production tested. Somatic embryogenesis was initiated on explants from 84% of the OP families tested in 2002 and 100% of the families tested in 2003 and 2004. The year 2003 gave best results for percentage of induction and total number of somatic embryos produced. Results concerning genetic control showed that SE induction is under the control of additive genetic effects, as 22.0% of variation in SE initiation was due to general combining ability (GCA) effect, whereas 6.4% was due to maternal effects. Neither specific combining ability (SCA) nor reciprocal effects were significant.

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An Updated Overview of Advances in Somatic Embryogenesis in Forest Trees

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Coffea arabica (L.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Coffea arabica (L.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures

The Prospect of Physiological Events Associated with the Micropropagation of Eucalyptus sp.

Genetic control of somatic embryogenesis induction in Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

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