An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms

Malhotra, Nemi; Hsu, Hua-Shu; Liang, Sung-Tzu; Roldan, Marri Jmelou M.; Lee, Jiann‐Shing; Ger, Tzong-Rong; Hsiao, Chung-Der

doi:10.3390/ani10091663

Cited by 128 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 113 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…The highest RE concentration was measured in the liver of fattening bulls amounted to 22-482 μg/kg DM for La, 37-719 μg/kg DM for Ce and 4-73 μg/kg DM for Pr and the lowest La, Ce and Pr concentrations with 3-5 μg/kg DM, 5-7 μg/kg DM and 0.5-0.7 μg/kg DM, respectively; Schwabe et al, 2012). Nevertheless, recent publications have reported toxic effects of RE in human health (Li et al, 2013;Rim et al, 2013;Gwenzi et al, 2018), in aquatic organisms (Malhotra et al, 2020), in aquatic microbes (Wilde, 2001), animals (Briner et al, 2000;Rim, 2016) and plants (Babula et al, 2009). The determination of RE concentrations reporting non-toxic and toxic effects in living organisms vary according to the total concentration of these elements in the environment and among different species and the bodyweight of individuals, which in turn depends on age.…”

Section: Environmental and Human Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microorganisms in Mobilization and Phytoextraction of Rare Earth Elements: A Review

Jalali

Lebeau

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Rare earth (RE) elements are a group of 17 chemical elements including the 15 lanthanides plus Yttrium and Scandium. RE have been identified as critical elements due to their special properties (e.g., catalytic, metallurgical, nuclear, electrical, magnetic, and luminescent) and various applications in many modern technologies, environment and economic areas. Thus, the demand for RE has increased significantly during the last decades. This demand has induced an increase in mining activities and consequently a release of RE into the surrounding environment, causing a potential threat to human health and the environment. Therefore, investigations leading to new solutions for the RE recycling from alternate resources like electronic, mining and industrial wastes, has been rapidly growing. In spite of that, recycling stays extremely difficult, expensive and is currently not seen as a significant solution. The concept of phytomanagement is a promising solution when conventional mining methods are no longer cost-effective, not to mention all the ecosystem services provided by plants. The phytoextraction service allows the extraction and recovery of RE from soils or industrial wastes (e.g., phosphogypsum from phosphoric acid production) with the prospect of economic added value. To date, some twenty hyperaccumulator plant species (almost ferns such as Dicranopteris dicthotoma) accumulate high concentrations of RE especially in their erial parts. While the potential roles of native bacteria in mobilization of RE from ores remains slightly documented, those of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is much less. PGPR are indeed able to mobilize metals and/or to stimulate plant development in the aim to increase the amount of RE extracted by the plant with then a higher phytoextraction efficiency. Yet to date, only a few studies have been devoted to RE using coupled bioaugmentation-phytoextraction. This review summarizes the data regarding 1) the source of RE (RE-accumulating sediments, soils naturally rich in RE, wastes) and their bioavailability in these matrices, 2) plants identified as RE hyperaccumulator and their potential for RE phytomining, 3) isolation and selection of indigenous bacteria stemming from RE contaminated matrices, such as soil, for their potential ability to increase phytoextraction performances and 4) bioaugmentation-assisted phytoextraction studies dealing with RE.

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Section: Environmental and Human Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microorganisms in Mobilization and Phytoextraction of Rare Earth Elements: A Review

Jalali

Lebeau

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…These examples demonstrate that Ln2O3 nanoparticles must be well protected with watersoluble and biocompatible ligands for biomedical applications. Lanthanides are relatively non-toxic elements [37,38]. For example, for lanthanide chlorides, the lethal dose causing the death of 50% of a group of 10 animals (LD50) is Lanthanides are relatively non-toxic elements [37,38].…”

Section: Ln2o3 Nanoparticle Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lanthanides are relatively non-toxic elements [37,38]. For example, for lanthanide chlorides, the lethal dose causing the death of 50% of a group of 10 animals (LD50) is Lanthanides are relatively non-toxic elements [37,38]. For example, for lanthanide chlorides, the lethal dose causing the death of 50% of a group of 10 animals (LD50) is higher than 10 and 450 mg per kg bodyweight for intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, respectively [84].…”

Section: Ln2o3 Nanoparticle Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy

et al. 2021

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Recent progress in functionalized lanthanide oxide (Ln2O3) nanoparticles for tumor targeting, medical imaging, and therapy is reviewed. Among the medical imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important noninvasive imaging tool for tumor diagnosis due to its high spatial resolution and excellent imaging contrast, especially when contrast agents are used. However, commercially available low-molecular-weight MRI contrast agents exhibit several shortcomings, such as nonspecificity for the tissue of interest and rapid excretion in vivo. Recently, nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agents have become a hot research topic in biomedical imaging due to their high performance, easy surface functionalization, and low toxicity. Among them, functionalized Ln2O3 nanoparticles are applicable as MRI contrast agents for tumor-targeting and nontumor-targeting imaging and image-guided tumor therapy. Primarily, Gd2O3 nanoparticles have been intensively investigated as tumor-targeting T1 MRI contrast agents. T2 MRI is also possible due to the appreciable paramagnetic moments of Ln2O3 nanoparticles (Ln = Dy, Ho, and Tb) at room temperature arising from the nonzero orbital motion of 4f electrons. In addition, Ln2O3 nanoparticles are eligible as X-ray computed tomography contrast agents because of their high X-ray attenuation power. Since nanoparticle toxicity is of great concern, recent toxicity studies on Ln2O3 nanoparticles are also discussed.

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“… 2 , 3 Thus, the ever-increasing use of REEs may lead to concerns about a significant release to the environment—during production and/or following use or disposal—that could ultimately lead to soil and water pollution, accumulation in plants, and toxic exposure to living organisms. 4 − 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility and Retention of Rare Earth Elements in Porous Media

2022

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There is growing concern that rare earth elements (REEs) will become emerging soil–water contaminants because of their increased use in new technologies and products, which may lead to unavoidable release to the environment. To better understand the environmental behavior of REEs, a comprehensive set of adsorption and column transport experiments was conducted in quartz sand media. The retention and mobility of three representative REEs (La, Gd, and Er) were studied in the presence and absence of humic acid (HA; 5, 20, and 50 mg L –1 ) and under a range of pH conditions (5–8). Results show that REE mobility and retention are controlled by the amount of REE–HA complexes formed in a solution, which increases with increasing HA concentrations and solution pH. Gadolinium is the most mobile among the representative REEs, followed by Er and La, corresponding to the amount of (calculated) REE–HA complexes. Increasing HA concentrations in the REE solution inhibits REE retention in both the batch adsorption and column experiments. The same retardation trend was observed for lower HA concentrations (Gd > Er > La). In a fixed HA concentration, HA and REE adsorption decrease simultaneously as the solution pH increases, indicating the co-adsorption of REEs and HA on the sand. Scanning electron microscopy detection of elongated regions attached to the sand, where high REE and carbon (HA) concentrations were measured, further suggests the co-adsorption of REE–HA complexes. Modeling the column experiments shows that the time-dependent attachment is dominant at high HA concentrations, while at lower HA concentrations, both the time-dependent and spontaneous attachments play equal roles. These results provide a quantitative characterization of REE retention and mobility in sand media.

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An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms

Cited by 128 publications

References 113 publications

The Role of Microorganisms in Mobilization and Phytoextraction of Rare Earth Elements: A Review

The Role of Microorganisms in Mobilization and Phytoextraction of Rare Earth Elements: A Review

Functionalized Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Tumor Targeting, Medical Imaging, and Therapy

Mobility and Retention of Rare Earth Elements in Porous Media

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