An Updated Review on the Role of Physical Activity and Nutrition in the Treatment of Renal Diseases

Abstract

Kidney diseases are divided into two: acute and chronic sub-groups that lasted less and more than three months, respectively. Chronic Kidney Diseases which is known as CKD is a gradual kidney dysfunction that leads to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), a condition that kidney stops to work properly and needs to be treated by transplant or dialysis. ESRD accompanies with reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) that according to reduction of kidney filtration rate, it is classified into five stages. Kidney damages resulted in various direct and indirect dysfunctions, such as proteinuria, albuminuria, metabolic acidosis or even stroke, white matter diseases, intracerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment. Sedentary lifestyle is one of the key effective factors on epidemic of chronic diseases such CKD and ESRD. CKD patients normally have low levels of physical activity compare to their same age groups, that results in cardiovascular dysfunction, physical function deterioration, and kidney diseases. Performing of active lifestyle and doing of exercise plus intake of appropriate diet could control CKD-related disorders such as glomerular disorders, metabolic acidosis, anemia or inflammation and could rearrange balance of acid-base status of kidney and make tempos of kidney diseases progression slow in an appropriate manner.

An Understanding of the New SARS-Cov-2 Variant-Arcturus, A Subvariant of Omicron

“…For preventive measures, we need to follow all safety methods suggested by WHO and other international agencies. As we suggested earlier, physical activity, intake of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) through consumption of healthy food (vegetables and fruits), avoid eating meat and meat products will be helpful to prevent the viruses at certain extent [4][5][6][7][8].…”