An Updated Review on the Role of Nanoformulated Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer

Abstract

The most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide is colorectal cancer. It is initiated with the formation of polyps, which further cause the development of colorectal cancer in multistep phases. Colorectal cancer mortality is high despite recent treatment breakthroughs and a greater understanding of its pathophysiology. Stress is one of the major causes of triggering different cellular signalling cascades inside the body and which might turn toward the development of cancer. Naturally occurring plant compounds or phytochemicals are being studied for medical purposes. Phytochemicals’ benefits are being analyzed for inflammatory illnesses, liver failure, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and nephropathies. Cancer treatment with fewer side effects and better outcomes has been achieved by combining phytochemicals with chemotherapy. Resveratrol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate have been studied for their chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potentiality, but hydrophobicity, solubility, poor bioavailability, and target selectivity limit the clinical uses of these compounds. The therapeutic potential is maximized by utilizing nanocarriers such as liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, and nanoparticles to increase phytochemical bioavailability and target specificity. This updated literature review discusses the clinical limitations, increased sensitivity, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects, and the clinical limitations of the phytochemicals.

Therapeutic Applications of Nanoformulated Resveratrol and Quercetin Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer—An Updated Review

“…Chitosan-based nanoparticles have been exploited as a delivery system for brain-targeted treatment. Chitosan-based nanoparticles can open tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells and transiently facilitate the paracellular transport of drugs [ 83 ]. There are several advantages of using chitosan, i.e., cost, biodegradability, and biocompatibility.…”

Evaluation of the synergistic effects of curcumin-resveratrol co-loaded biogenic silica on colorectal cancer cells

“…These compounds have demonstrated remarkable biological properties, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer activities, making them valuable candidates for the treatment and prevention of several chronic diseases ( Garcia-Oliveira et al, 2021 ). Phytochemicals manifest their anticarcinogenic effects through diverse mechanisms ( Das et al, 2023 ). Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound extracted from turmeric ( Curcuma longa ), has garnered considerable scientific interest since its initial extraction in 1870 ( Pricci et al, 2020 ).…”

Recent Advancements, Limitations, and Future Perspectives of the use of Personalized Medicine in Treatment of Colon Cancer

“…The main objective of advancing these individualized therapies is to provide the best available treatment suited to an individual patient. [9][10][11] The ability to precisely diagnose patients who can benefit from targeted therapy is essential for the success of customized medications. Targeted therapy, the foundation of personalized medicine, focuses on the current information about the altered route and the components contributing to cancer.…”

“…The main objective of advancing these individualized therapies is to provide the best available treatment suited to an individual patient. 9 – 11 …”