An updated view of hemostasis: mechanisms of hemostatic dysfuntion associated with sepsis

Hopper, Katrina; Bateman, Shane

doi:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2005.00128.x

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…1 Therefore, there is a strong relationship between inflammatory processes, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and the activation of platelets and the coagulation system. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Platelet activation in horses has been reported after exercise 7,8 and in many important clinical conditions, such as laminitis, and in other situations including endotoxemia and acute gastrointestinal disorders that involve a serious risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). [9][10][11][12] DIC has also been reported during septicemia in newborn foals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mean Platelet Component as an Indicator of Platelet Activation in Foals and Adult Horses

Segura

Monreal

Armengou

et al. 2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Mean platelet component (MPC) is a new platelet variable, measured by modern commercial complete blood count analyzers, that is reduced during platelet activation in humans and small animals.Hypothesis: MPC decreases in horses with clinical conditions that cause platelet activation and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Animals: We obtained 418 CBCs from 100 sick and 20 healthy neonates and 178 sick and 45 sound adult horses. Sick neonates were classified into septic and nonseptic, and DIC and non-DIC groups. Adults were grouped by diagnoses (systemic inflammatory disorders, gastrointestinal problems, and thrombocytopenia).Methods: MPC together with platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet component distribution width were measured with a commercial analyzer and compared between the different disease and control groups in neonates and in adults.Results: MPC values were significantly lower in the septic and nonseptic neonates (24.0 6 3.5 g/dL and 26.6 6 2.6 g/dL, respectively) than in the control group (28.1 6 1.7 g/dL). Neonates with DIC had the lowest MPC values (23.8 6 6.3 g/dL). MPC values in adult horses were significantly lower in the inflammatory (23.5 6 4.7 g/dL), gastrointestinal obstruction (23.0 6 5.0 g/dL), enteritis (23.6 6 4.6 g/dL), ischemic (23.9 6 5.1 g/dL), and thrombocytopenia (20.2 6 5.7 g/dL) groups when compared with control horses (26.2 6 3.5 g/dL). Other platelet variables were not different between the control and the disease groups.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: MPC might be a useful variable for quickly and easily detecting platelet activation in sick neonates and adult horses.

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confidence: 99%

Mean Platelet Component as an Indicator of Platelet Activation in Foals and Adult Horses

Segura

Monreal

Armengou

et al. 2007

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Las características clínicas son rápidamente progresivas e incluyen hipotensión, pulso débil, taquicardia, hiperventilación con estertores, oliguria e hipotermia o fiebre (5, 11,14). Las lesiones macroscópicas son variables dependiendo del estí-mulo desencadenante y de su naturaleza.…”

Section: Características Clínicas Y Morfológicasunclassified

Fisiopatología de la septicemia neonatal equina

Chirivi¹,

Herrera²

2014

Rev. Med. Vet.

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ResumenLa septicemia neonatal es la mayor causa de mortalidad y morbilidad en equinos en sus primeros siete días de vida y dentro de su fisiopatología. Es importante tener en cuenta los factores predisponentes extrínsecos e intrínsecos al potro que los hace susceptibles a la entrada de agentes que principalmente son de etiología bacteriana. No obstante, se deben considerar otros tipos de etiología infecciosa (virus y hongos), así como las etiologías de índole no infecciosa. Se menciona una amplia variedad de mecanismos que producen distintas lesiones que deben atenderse con medidas de cuidado crítico neonatal, por lo que es imprescindible para el clínico de equinos conocer los mecanismos de patogenicidad de la enfermedad, la presentación clínica y las lesiones anatomopatológicas. Así, los conceptos del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS), síndrome de disfunción multiorgánica (MODS) y el colapso circulatorio periférico o shock son algunos de los elementos que se definen como los pilares de la fisiopatología de la septicemia neonatal, y se han estudiado ampliamente en medicina de equinos. Este trabajo muestra una revisión corta de los mecanismos de desencadenamiento de la septicemia neonatal, y resalta la importancia de investigaciones epidemiológicas en Colombia; muestra la necesidad de hacer trabajos retrospectivos y prospectivos y de dar a conocer algunas de las medidas de prevención de la enfermedad en equinos.Palabras clave: equino, fisiopatología, neonato, septicemia, SIRS, shock. Pathophysiology of Equine Neonatal Septicemia AbstractNeonatal septicemia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in horses in their first seven days of life and within their pathophysiology. It is important to consider the extrinsic and intrinsic predisposing factors which make foals susceptible to agents of primarily bacterial etiology. However, other types of infectious etiology (viruses and fungi) should be considered too, as well as noninfectious etiologies. The paper mentions a wide variety of mechanisms that produce different injuries that must be addressed with measures of critical neonatal care, so it is imperative for the veterinarian to know the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease, its clinical presentation and anatomo-pathological lesions. Thus, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and peripheral circulatory collapse or shock are some of the elements defined as the pillars of the pathophysiology of neonatal septicemia, extensively studied in equine medicine. This paper presents a short review of the triggering mechanisms of neonatal septicemia highlighting the importance of epidemiological investigations in Colombia. It shows the need for retrospective and prospective studies and for divulgation of some of the preventive measures of the disease in horses. Keywords

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“…O quadro de sepse, observado com frequência na síndrome cólica, promove hipotensão severa que também reduz o fluxo sanguíneo (Roy 2004). Terceiro fator, hipercoagulação: a sepse leva ao desenvolvimento de coagulopatias caracterizadas pela excessiva ativação da coagulação e prejuízo da fibrinólise e de mecanismos anticoagulantes, (Monreal et al 2000, Hopper & Bateman 2005, Monreal & Cesarini 2009, Schaer & Epstein 2009.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Tromboflebite jugular em equinos submetidos à laparotomia para o tratamento de afecção gastrointestinal

et al. 2018

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RESUMO.-Afecções do trato gastrointestinal de equinos podem causar distúrbios de coagulação devido à concentração elevada de mediadores inflamatórios que estimulam a hemostasia e inibem a fibrinólise, gerando um estado de hipercoagulação. Equinos submetidos à laparotomia no tratamento da síndrome cólica permanecem com cateter venoso durante vários dias para a administração de fluidos e fármacos no período pós-operatório e, a veia jugular é o principal local para a implantação de cateteres. Assim, o trauma vascular persistente causado pelo cateter, associado ao ambiente pró-trombótico induzido pela afecção gastrointestinal, aumenta o risco para o desenvolvimento de tromboflebite jugular. Objetivou-se avaliar as características físicas e ultrassonográficas da veia jugular canulada com cateter de poliuretano durante o período pós-operatório de equinos submetidos à laparotomia. O cateter foi inserido de forma asséptica à admissão e permaneceu por sete dias. A avaliação ultrassonográfica revelou o desenvolvimento de tromboflebite em um equino, 48 após o procedimento cirúrgico. Os demais equinos demonstraram espessamento da parede vascular no local de punção e pequenos trombos junto ao cateter. A monitoração ultrassonográfica demonstrou que a cateterização prolongada em equinos submetidos à Coagulation abnormalities are usually associated with equine gastrointestinal disease due to the increased levels of inflammatory mediators, which promotes hemostasis and inhibit fibrinolysis, creating a hypercoagulable state. Horses underwent laparotomy to treat colic usually require a venous catheter for several days to administrate fluids and drugs during the postoperative period, and the jugular vein is the most frequent site for catheterization. Therefore, the persistent vascular trauma caused by an implanted catheter, associated with the prothrombotic environment induced by the gastrointestinal disorder, increases the risk for the development of jugular thrombophlebitis. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate physical and ultrassonographic features of the jugular vein cannulated with a polyurethane catheter during the postoperative period of horses underwent colic surgery. The catheter was inserted aseptically on admission and dwell time was seven days. Upon ultrasound examination, one horse developed thrombophlebitis 48 hours after surgery and the other horses showed thickened venous wall at puncture site and small clots associated to the catheter. Ultrasound monitoration showed that long-term catheterization in horses underwent colic surgery following the present protocol minimizes vascular trauma and could prevent jugular thrombophlebitis.

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An updated view of hemostasis: mechanisms of hemostatic dysfuntion associated with sepsis

Cited by 47 publications

References 94 publications

Mean Platelet Component as an Indicator of Platelet Activation in Foals and Adult Horses

Mean Platelet Component as an Indicator of Platelet Activation in Foals and Adult Horses

Fisiopatología de la septicemia neonatal equina

Tromboflebite jugular em equinos submetidos à laparotomia para o tratamento de afecção gastrointestinal

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