An urban canyon energy budget model and its application to urban storage heat flux modeling

Arnfield, A. John; Grimmond, C. S. B.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(97)00026-1

Cited by 110 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…When trying to quantify the sensitivity to input parameter values, offline models are run iteratively usually, perturbing a set of selected parameters at each step (Sellers and Dorman, 1987;Arnfield and Grimmond, 1998;Kawai et al, 2007;Oleson et al, 2008b). The impact on the model's outputs, often illustrated by statistical measures comparing simulated and observed fields, is then seen as an indicator of how the model responds to a particular parameter change.…”

Section: Systematic and Objective Model Response Analysis Using The Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs and responsiveness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization in WRF: An offline evaluation using the MOSCEM optimization algorithm and field observations

Loridan

Grimmond

Grossman‐Clarke

et al. 2010

Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.

103

143

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For an increasing number of applications, mesoscale modelling systems now aim to better represent urban areas. The complexity of processes resolved by urban parametrization schemes varies with the application. The concept of fitness-forpurpose is therefore critical for both the choice of parametrizations and the way in which the scheme should be evaluated. A systematic and objective model response analysis procedure (Multiobjective Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (MOSCEM) algorithm) is used to assess the fitness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The scheme is evaluated regarding its ability to simulate observed surface energy fluxes and the sensitivity to input parameters. Recent amendments are described, focussing on features which improve its applicability to numerical weather prediction, such as a reduced and physically more meaningful list of input parameters. The study shows a high sensitivity of the scheme to parameters characterizing roof properties in contrast to a low response to road-related ones. Problems in partitioning of energy between turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes are also emphasized. Some initial guidelines to prioritize efforts to obtain urban land-cover class characteristics in WRF are provided.

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Section: Systematic and Objective Model Response Analysis Using The Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs and responsiveness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization in WRF: An offline evaluation using the MOSCEM optimization algorithm and field observations

Loridan

Grimmond

Grossman‐Clarke

et al. 2010

Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc.

103

143

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From the measurements performed during CAPITOUL around the study site, Pigeon et al (2004) have shown that the temperature and moisture horizontal gradients are weak at the local scale, and Q A is therefore neglected in the present study. Q S has received much attention in the literature (Oke and Cleugh, 1987;Grimmond et al, 1991;Arnfield and Grimmond, 1998;Grimmond and Oke, 1999;Offerle et al, 2005;Weber, 2005). On time scales of a few hours, Q S is a strong component of the SEB (58% of daytime Q * for Mexico City in Oke et al, 1999).…”

Section: Estimates Of Q F From Energy Balance Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic heat release in an old European agglomeration (Toulouse, France)

Pigeon

Legain

Durand

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

185

102

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Abstract:The anthropogenic heat release, Q F , has been estimated for the old European agglomeration of Toulouse (France) from February 2004 to March 2005 in the frame of the CAPITOUL experiment. Surface energy balance (SEB) measurements have been conducted at a downtown site, over a dense urban area. A method is proposed to estimate Q F at the local scale around this site from observations, as the daily residual term of the SEB equation. The values obtained from this method are in agreement with what can be expected: Q F estimates are around 70 W m −2 during winter and 15 W m −2 during summer. On a larger scale (that of the agglomeration), an energy consumption inventory was conducted for the period of the field campaign with a 1-day temporal resolution and a 100-m spatial resolution. The estimates of Q F obtained with this second method were analysed at the local scale around the measurements site, and compared with estimates computed from the energy budget observations. For the winter period, both estimates are in good agreement. For the summer period, the method based on SEB measurements seems to underestimate Q F which is estimated around 30 W m −2 from the inventory. The simultaneous estimate of Q F , with these two independent methods is a strength of this study.At the scale of the agglomeration, the basal state of energy consumption (observed during the summer period) varies between 25 W m −2 for the densest areas to less than 5 W m −2 for the residential suburban areas. In the regions crossed by the major roads, the traffic is the major source during summer. Then during the winter period, Q F can reach 100 W m −2 in the densest areas of Toulouse whereas it ranges between 5 and 25 W m −2 in the suburban areas.

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“…The measurement of Q S at the local scale can be neither simple nor complete (Arnfield and Grimmond, 1998). The number of features (buildings, roads, vegetation, bare soil, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat storage and anthropogenic heat flux in relation to the energy balance of a central European city centre

Offerle

Grimmond

Fortuniak

2005

Intl Journal of Climatology

191

151

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The role of net heat storage Q S and anthropogenic heat Q F are considered in the surface energy balance for a downtown area in Łódź, Poland, for a 2 year period. Eddy covariance measurements provide estimates of the turbulent heat fluxes and radiometric measurements of the net all-wave radiation. A method to determine Q S based on representative surface temperature sampling is employed and compared with results from two other models. Results show that Q S is an important flux on the scale of hours to days and that it can be more than 10 W m −2 , on average, for periods of a week or more. By incorporating Q S estimates over hourly intervals, Q F was then determined as the residual of the energy balance. Using the approach, Q F averaged 32 W m −2 from October to March (60% of available energy), and −3 W m −2 from June to August. The physically unrealistic negative values for the summer period may suggest underestimation of turbulent fluxes, but no causal factor was identified. Although energy balance closure was close to 100% throughout the year, there was weaker agreement in the winter. This is attributed to errors in estimates of Q S and variation in Q F . Results highlight the need for future investigations of the urban surface energy balance to incorporate more complete measurements and estimates of Q S .

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An urban canyon energy budget model and its application to urban storage heat flux modeling

Cited by 110 publications

References 12 publications

Trade-offs and responsiveness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization in WRF: An offline evaluation using the MOSCEM optimization algorithm and field observations

Trade-offs and responsiveness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization in WRF: An offline evaluation using the MOSCEM optimization algorithm and field observations

Anthropogenic heat release in an old European agglomeration (Toulouse, France)

Heat storage and anthropogenic heat flux in relation to the energy balance of a central European city centre

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