An x-ray fluorescence imaging system for gold nanoparticle detection

Ricketts, K; Guazzoni, C.; Castoldi, A.; Gibson, Adam; Royle, G.

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/58/21/7841

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recently published work highlights the development of a new GNP imaging method that works by detecting the L-edge x-ray fluorescence emitted when gold is irradiated with kV energy x-rays. The technique is said to achieve increased detection sensitivity at greater depths than current optical modalities [165]. More of such developments would be a very useful advance for developing GNRT.…”

Section: Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Radiotherapy with Gold Nanoparticles: Current Status and Future Perspectives

et al. 2014

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Radiation therapy (RT) is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with ionizing radiation. The ultimate goal of RT is to destroy all the disease cells while sparing healthy tissue. Towards this goal, RT has advanced significantly over the past few decades in part due to new technologies including: multileaf collimator-assisted modulation of radiation beams, improved computer-assisted inverse treatment planning, image guidance, robotics with more precision, better motion management strategies, stereotactic treatments and hypofractionation. With recent advances in nanotechnology, targeted RT with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is actively being investigated as a means to further increase the RT therapeutic ratio. In this review, we summarize the current status of research and development towards the use of GNPs to enhance RT. We highlight the promising emerging modalities for targeted RT with GNPs and the corresponding preclinical evidence supporting such promise towards potential clinical translation. Future prospects and perspectives are discussed.

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Section: Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Radiotherapy with Gold Nanoparticles: Current Status and Future Perspectives

et al. 2014

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“…This method could be of great interest once there are imaging systems in place that have sufficient sensitivity to NP concentrations and, at the same time, are capable of distribution measurements at appropriate tissue depths for in vivo and in vitro studies [100,101]. Consequently, Ricketts et al reported that a high detecting sensitivity of AuNPs can be achieved using x-ray fluorescence, enabling a greater depth imaging in comparison with optical modalities [101].…”

Section: Bioimaging Using Aunpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Promising Road with Challenges: Where Are Gold Nanoparticles in Translational Research?

Bao

Conde

Polo

et al. 2014

Nanomedicine (Lond.)

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Nanoenabled technology holds great potential for health issues and biological research. Among the numerous inorganic nanoparticles that are available today, gold nanoparticles are fully developed as therapeutic and diagnostic agents both in vitro and in vivo due to their physicochemical properties. Owing to this, substantial work has been conducted in terms of developing biosensors for noninvasive and targeted tumor diagnosis and treatment. Some studies have even expanded into clinical trials. This article focuses on the fundamentals and synthesis of gold nanoparticles, as well as the latest, most promising applications in cancer research, such as molecular diagnostics, immunosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and bioimaging. Challenges to their further translational development are also discussed.

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“…Compared to its counterpart based on gold K-shell XRF photons (~67 and~68.8 keV), [4][5][6][7] this approach referred to as benchtop L-shell XRF imaging or XFCT has been shown to provide a much lower GNP (or gold) detection limit, typically on the order of parts-permillion (ppm). 1,2 This drastic improvement in the detection limit (e.g., by two orders of magnitude) can be attributed to much lower scatter background as well as the availability of x-ray detector with much higher detection efficiency/energy resolution around gold L-shell XRF peaks, all of which immensely facilitate the extraction of gold L-shell XRF peaks from the Compton scatter background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,8,9 In previous imaging studies with L-shell XRF photons, attenuation correction was achieved through either transmission CT images 8 or the calculation of the ratio of XRF-to-Compton scatter counts. 1,2 Compared to a relatively straightforward CT image-based approach (for XFCT), the latter approach (for direct XRF imaging) is based on the fact that the Compton scatter has little dependence on the material density at this energy range; thus, measured Compton scattered photon counts can be used to correct for the attenuation of the excitation beam. 10,11 This approach, however, was proposed mainly to correct for selfabsorption in small samples encountered in XRF analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an attenuation correction method for direct x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging utilizing gold L‐shell XRF photons

2018

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Purpose: This work proposes a semi-empirical correction method for attenuation of x-ray fluorescence (XRF) photons and/or an excitation beam during direct XRF imaging (i.e., mapping) of gold nanoparticle (GNP) distribution utilizing gold L-shell XRF photons. Methods: The current method was first devised by finding the two following relationships: i) ratio of gold XRF peak intensity (Lα at ~9.7 keV and Lβ at ~11.4 keV) vs. pathlength of XRF photons; ii) XRF photon counts produced (Nxrf) vs. scattered photon counts produced (Nscat). Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Geant4 tool kit to characterize the aforementioned relationships for different tissue-like media. The applicability of the method was tested experimentally by acquiring 2D L-shell XRF images of custom-made phantoms using an experimental benchtop x-ray fluorescence computed tomography setup. Results: The results show that the ratio of gold L-shell XRF peak intensities allowed an estimation of the pathlength of XRF photons, thus can be utilized to correct for attenuation of XRF photons after emission. The results also demonstrate that Nscat, through a proportionality Nxrf∝NscatT where the exponent T depends on the energy of scattered photons, could be used to correct for attenuation of an excitation beam prior to producing XRF photons. The corrected XRF signal was found independent of the densities of tissue-like media present along the passage of an excitation beam or emitted XRF photons. Conclusions: The current results suggest that the developed attenuation correction method plays an essential role for the detection of GNPs on the order of parts-per-million, and also for the determination of GNP concentration/location within the imaging object made of tissue-like media, without any prior knowledge of the imaging object shape, under the conditions deemed relevant to biomedical applications of gold L-shell XRF-based imaging.

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An x-ray fluorescence imaging system for gold nanoparticle detection

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Targeted Radiotherapy with Gold Nanoparticles: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Targeted Radiotherapy with Gold Nanoparticles: Current Status and Future Perspectives

A Promising Road with Challenges: Where Are Gold Nanoparticles in Translational Research?

Development of an attenuation correction method for direct x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging utilizing gold L‐shell XRF photons

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