An X-ray fluorescence system for the determination of gold <i>in vivo</i> following chrysotherapy

Shakeshaft, John; Lillicrap, S C

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-66-788-714

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Furthermore, a number of in vivo studies of toxic elements that accumulate in human bone have been reported, such as uranium, 13 mercury, 14 and gold. 15 XRF was successfully applied for the measurement of platinum 16,17 as well. The most recognized and applied XRF technique, nevertheless, is bone lead XRF measurements in humans.…”

Section: The Basic Components Of a Soft X-ray Fluorescence Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of bone strontium levels in humans byin vivox-ray fluorescence

Pejović‐Milić¹,

Stronach²,

Gyorffy³

et al. 2004

Med. Phys.

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The need for in vivo bone strontium assessment arises because strontium may exert a number of effects on bone, which may be either beneficial or toxic. Measurements discussed here are noninvasive, no sample is taken, nor is there discomfort to patients. The developed source excited x-ray fluorescence system employs a 109Cd source to excite the strontium K x rays, with the source and detector in approximately 90 degree geometry relative to the sample position. The factors affecting the accuracy and minimal detectable limit for bone strontium in vivo measurements are discussed. A system calibration revealed a minimum detectible limit of approximately 0.25 mg Sr/g Ca, which is sufficient for the monitoring of strontium levels in healthy subjects and patients with elevated bone strontium concentrations. Preliminary in vivo measurements in ten healthy subjects at two bone sites (phalanx and tibia) indicated that this system can be applied for cumulative bone strontium estimation while delivering a low effective dose of 80 nSv during the measurement time. Future work will involve attempts to enhance system precision with alternative fluorescing sources and further optimization of the detection system.

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Section: The Basic Components Of a Soft X-ray Fluorescence Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of bone strontium levels in humans byin vivox-ray fluorescence

Pejović‐Milić¹,

Stronach²,

Gyorffy³

et al. 2004

Med. Phys.

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“…Furthermore, a number of in vivo studies of toxic elements that accumulate in human bone and joints have been reported such as uranium, 5 mercury, 6 and gold. 7 XRF was successfully applied for measurement of platinum 8,9 and bismuth 3 as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound measurements of overlying soft tissue thickness at four skeletal sites suitable for in vivo x‐ray fluorescence

et al. 2002

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Due to signal attenuation in overlying soft tissue, development of x-ray fluorescence systems to measure low atomic number elements, such as strontium, in human bone required a search for a skeletal site with thin overlying tissue. This paper reports ultrasound measurements of overlying tissue on 10 subjects, at four anatomical sites. The average tissue thickness at the finger was (2.9+/-0.7) mm. The average tissue thicknesses were (3.6+/-0.7) mm, (4.8+/-2.0) mm, and (8.4+/-1.7) mm at forehead, tibia and heel, respectively. Additionally, both parametric and nonparametric approaches to the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and tissue thickness suggest that there is a significant linear correlation between the subject's BMI and overlying tissue at the finger and heel bone. These correlations might be used as a criterion to perform XRF measurements, however a larger data set is required to address these correlations more clearly.

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“…In addition to that, in vivo applications have been developed for measurements of cadmium, mercury, gold, platinum, uranium and a number of other elements through the years (Christoffersson and Mattsson 1983, Jonson et al 1988, Börjesson et al 1993, Shakeshaft and Lillicrap 1993, Börjesson et al 1995, O'Meara et al 1997. Table 3 summarizes some elements, which have been subjected to in vivo XRF.…”

Section: Xrf and Naa In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of methods for body composition studies

2006

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This review is focused on experimental methods for determination of the composition of the human body, its organs and tissues. It summarizes the development and current status of fat determinations from body density, total body water determinations through the dilution technique, whole and partial body potassium measurements for body cell mass estimates, in vivo neutron activation analysis for body protein measurements, dual-energy absorptiometry (DEXA), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, fMRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) for body composition studies on tissue and organ levels, as well as single- and multiple-frequency bioimpedance (BIA) and anthropometry as simple easily available methods. Methods for trace element analysis in vivo are also described. Using this wide range of measurement methods, together with gradually improved body composition models, it is now possible to quantify a number of body components and follow their changes in health and disease.

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An X-ray fluorescence system for the determination of gold in vivo following chrysotherapy

Abstract: This paper describes a low cost mobile measurement system for the determination of gold in vivo base around a 153Gd radiation source and a hyper pure germanium detector. Early clinical results are also presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the system.

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Quantification of bone strontium levels in humans byin vivox-ray fluorescence

Quantification of bone strontium levels in humans byin vivox-ray fluorescence

Ultrasound measurements of overlying soft tissue thickness at four skeletal sites suitable for in vivo x‐ray fluorescence

Development of methods for body composition studies

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