An XPS/UPS study of the surface/near-surface bonding in nuclear grade graphites: A comparison of monatomic and cluster depth-profiling techniques

Theodosiou, Alex; Spencer, Ben F.; Counsell, Jonathan; Jones, Abbie

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144764

Cited by 68 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The π-π* satellite structures provide evidence of interplane π bonding within the material. 31 The data shows that a large proportion of the material comprises of sp 2 character originating from extensive π-bonding throughout the sheets, as expected for graphitic materials. 32 Furthermore, oxygen constitutes a further 3.3 at.…”

Section: Surface Elemental Analysissupporting

confidence: 53%

Examining slit pore widths within plasma-exfoliated graphitic material utilising Barrett–Joyner–Halenda analysis

et al. 2021

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Section: Surface Elemental Analysissupporting

confidence: 53%

Examining slit pore widths within plasma-exfoliated graphitic material utilising Barrett–Joyner–Halenda analysis

et al. 2021

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“…15.5%, in excellent agreement with the measured D-parameter of this sample (value 21 (±0.5 eV), which is ca. 15% sp 3 based on data in Figure 3), whereas significant deviation is found when fitting the C (1s) spectrum alone, leading to some larger disparity between the sp 3 content derived from the D-parameter and peak fit [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Comments on the XPS Analysis of Carbon Materials

Morgan

2021

140

112

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The surface chemistry of carbon materials is predominantly explored using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). However, many published papers have critical failures in the published analysis, stemming from an ill-informed approach to analyzing the spectroscopic data. Herein, a discussion on lineshapes and changes in the spectral envelope of predominantly graphitic materials are explored, together with the use of the D-parameter, to ascertain graphitic content, using this information to highlight a simple and logical approach to strengthen confidence in the functionalization derived from the carbon core-level spectra.

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“…Argon implantation has been found in highly ordered pyrolytic graphite sputtered with 5-keV argon ions. 16 As the argon ions slowed down and settled in graphite, argon-carbon collisions happened and induced irradiation damage. After rapid oxidation, the No argon signal was detected in Figure 3C.…”

Section: Identifying Damage Induced By Mechanical Polishing and Ion Millingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A statistical analysis of pores and microcracks in nuclear graphite

Huang

Tang

2021

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Microstructure characterization is of great value to understanding nuclear graphite's properties and irradiation behavior. However, graphite is soft and could be easily damaged during sample preparation. A three-step polishing method involving mechanical polishing, ion milling, and rapid oxidation is proposed for graphite. Ion milling is adopted to remove the broken graphite pieces produced by mechanical polishing. Rapid oxidation is then adopted to remove irradiation-induced damage layer during ion milling. The Raman spectra show very small G peak width and very low I D /I G ratio after rapid oxidation. The microcracks that were conventionally observed via a transmission electron microscope can be observed on rapid-oxidized surface in a scanning electron microscope. By digital image processing, the microcracks along with the gas-escape pores in nuclear graphite IG-110 are statistically analyzed. Porosity's distributions on crack (pore) size (spanning from 10 nm to 100 μm) are given, which could help to understand and simulate graphite's performances in reactors.

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An XPS/UPS study of the surface/near-surface bonding in nuclear grade graphites: A comparison of monatomic and cluster depth-profiling techniques

Cited by 68 publications

References 52 publications

Examining slit pore widths within plasma-exfoliated graphitic material utilising Barrett–Joyner–Halenda analysis

Examining slit pore widths within plasma-exfoliated graphitic material utilising Barrett–Joyner–Halenda analysis

Comments on the XPS Analysis of Carbon Materials

A statistical analysis of pores and microcracks in nuclear graphite

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