Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases

Basaria, Shehzad; Wahlstrom, Justin T.; Dobs, Adrian S.

doi:10.1210/jcem.86.11.7983

Cited by 231 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…No studies have yet specifically investigated the ability to induce or enhance muscle weight gain by nutritional modulation of protein synthesis or protein breakdown rates. Optimising protein intake and essential amino acid intake may stimulate protein synthesis per se, but also enhance efficacy of anabolic drugs [20] as well as physiological stimuli such as resistance exercise [21]. Protein requirements in COPD patients and many other chronic diseases are not well established.…”

Section: Protein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management

Schols¹

2003

Eur Respir J

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Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management. A.M.W.J. Schols. #ERS Journals Ltd 2003. ABSTRACT: In this paper the perspective for nutritional modulation of systemic impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is discussed. Progressive weight loss is characterised by disease-specific elevated energy requirements unbalanced by dietary intake. Weight gain per se can be achieved by caloric supplementation while future studies may prove efficacy of amino acid modulation to stimulate protein synthesis and enhance muscle anabolism.Disproportionate muscle wasting resembles the cachexia syndrome as described in other chronic wasting diseases (cancer, chronic heart failure, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)). There is yet no adequate nutritional strategy available to treat cachexia in COPD. Muscle substrate metabolism has hardly been investigated, but the few data available point towards a decreased fat oxidative capacity that may show similarities with the "metabolic syndrome" as described in type II diabetes and obesity and could theoretically benefit from polyunsaturated fatty acid modulation.To adequately target the different therapeutic options, clearly more clinical (intervention) studies are needed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that are adequately characterised by local and systemic impairment and in which molecular and metabolic markers are linked to functional outcome. Nutritional screening and therapy is nowadays considered as an essential component of integrated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. In particular systemic manifestations of COPD are potential targets for intervention. The present paper aims to present current insight into the efficacy of dietary supplementation to reverse weight loss and muscle wasting in COPD as well as to discuss the perspective for nutritional modulation of altered muscle metabolism. In addition the question will be addressed to what extent these systemic manifestations in COPD should be regarded as disease specific, or represent generalised phenomena of chronic disease. Modulation of energy balance Loss of body weight and fat massThe association between underweight and increased mortality risk has been well established in numerous retrospective studies ranging from selected COPD patients to populationbased samples [1][2][3]. Two prospective studies even showed in COPD patients with a body mass index below 25 kg?m -2 that weight gain was associated with decreased mortality risk [2,4]. It is not fully understood why COPD patients become underweight but weight loss and specifically loss of fat mass, is generally the result of a negative energy balance and appears to be more prevalent in patients with emphysema [5]. In contrast to an adaptive decreased energy metabolism during (semi) starvation, increased resting energy requirements have been observed in some of the COPD patients, linked to low-grade systemic inflammation [6,7]. Studies in other chronic wastin...

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Section: Protein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management

Schols¹

2003

Eur Respir J

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“…As their name suggests, they have anabolic properties responsible for nitrogen retention, increase of muscular volume and strength. The androgenic properties are responsible for the development of the masculine sexual characteristics and for many of the collateral effects [1][2][3][4] . Although the AAS have many aims for the treatment/control of many diseases, such substances are being used in a nontherapeutic and indiscriminate manner in our society, with the purpose to improve sports performance and mainly esthetics [1][2][3]5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The androgenic properties are responsible for the development of the masculine sexual characteristics and for many of the collateral effects [1][2][3][4] . Although the AAS have many aims for the treatment/control of many diseases, such substances are being used in a nontherapeutic and indiscriminate manner in our society, with the purpose to improve sports performance and mainly esthetics [1][2][3]5,6 . An investigation on the AAS use in the united States in the 1990's decade observed that about 1,000,000 of north Americans had already used such substances for non-therapeutic aims 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalência do uso e conhecimento de esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos por estudantes e professores de educação física que atuam em academias de ginástica

Abrahin

Souza

Sousa

et al. 2013

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are chemically similar to testosterone, used for the treatment/control of various diseases. However, these substances are being used in non-therapeutic and indiscriminate purposes to improve sports performance and mainly esthetics. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of AAS use and information of undergraduates and physical education teachers working in fitness centers in Belém-pA. A closed anonymous questionnaire was applied to 117 volunteers as an instrument. Comparison of the prevalence of use and degree of information of the respondents about AAS was performed using statistical non-parametric test x 2 (chi-square), considering the range of 95%, significant when p<0.05. The average age of the participants was 28.0 ± 6.3 years and the prevalence of AAS use was of 31.6%. The highest prevalence found was among specialist professionals (39.3%), the main motivation for the use of AAS was 75.6% to esthetics. Regarding the information, it was found that the drugs were classified as AAS: durateston, deca-durabolin, Oxandrolona/Winstrol. However, these professionals took other substances for AAS, including: growth hormone and oils. Among the side effects, the most commonly cited were: acne, deepening of the voice and aggressiveness, but more harmful side effects such as cancer and flavor were less marked. The results of this study demonstrate that the use prevalence was significant (p≤0.03) among the undergraduate and physical education professors working in fitness centers of Belém-pA, evidencing hence probable misinformation about some of the side effects of AAS use, implying the indiscriminate use of these drugs.

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“…Nandrolone, or 19-nortestosterone, is an anabolic steroid initially introduced for the treatment of anemia, osteoporosis, and breast carcinoma (1,2 ). Nandrolone is available in several pharmaceutical formulations as a 17␤-hydroxy ester in an oily matrix or as a nandrolone salt (decanoate or sodium sulfate) in an aqueous solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

[13C]Nandrolone Excretion in Trained Athletes: Interindividual Variability in Metabolism

Baume¹,

Avois²,

Schweizer³

et al. 2004

Clinical Chemistry

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Background: Nandrolone is one of the most abused anabolic steroids, and its use in doping is increasing, as revealed by numerous positive cases during recent years in various sports. Different authors have reported the possible natural production of nandrolone metabolites in humans, and some of these authors argued that exhaustive exercise could increase nandrolone production in the body or induce dehydration and consequently lead to an increase of nandrolone metabolites in urine. Methods: Volunteers (n ‫؍‬ 22) ingested two 25-mg doses of [13 C]nandrolone at 24-h intervals and collected urine specimens for 5 days. The labeled nandrolone metabolites 19-norandrosterone and 19-noretiocholanolone were identified and quantified by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Results: Interindividual variability was observed in nandrolone excretion patterns and kinetics, as well as for the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio. The amounts of nandrolone metabolites measured at the excretion peak varied between 1180 and 38 661 g/L for norandrosterone and 576 and 12 328 g/L for noretiocholanolone. At the end of the excretion period, the noretiocholanolone:norandrosterone ratio was sometimes >1. The analysis of numerous spot-urine samples allowed the determination of an acceptable correlation between urinary creatinine and specific gravity for placebo-and steroid-treated individuals: y ‫؍‬ 0.0052ln(x) ؉

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Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases

Cited by 231 publications

References 94 publications

Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management

Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management

Prevalência do uso e conhecimento de esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos por estudantes e professores de educação física que atuam em academias de ginástica

[13C]Nandrolone Excretion in Trained Athletes: Interindividual Variability in Metabolism

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