Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Use Among Brazilian Bodybuilders

Abstract

This cross-sectional, quantitative, exploratory study investigated the prevalence and profile of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) users amongst a convenience sample of 510 bodybuilders from 52 gyms, in João Pessoa, Brazil, with a structured questionnaire containing selected questions about socioeconomic and training variables on the use of AAS. Data were analyzed using frequency and chi-square tests. AAS prevalence use was 20.6%; mostly young men (98.1%), of a low education level (46.7%), who trained for more than 4 years (49.5%). The use of AAS was related to the use of dietary supplements. About 81% of consumed AAS consisted of Deca-Durabolin, Winstrol, and Sustanon. Study's limitations are noted.

Actituds cap al dopatge segons l’esport practicat pels joves

“…There are studies like those by Aubel & Ohl (2014), Fincoeur & Paoli (2014, López (2014), Loraschi, Galli & Cosentino (2014) and Morente-Sanchez & Zabala (2015) which argue that there are permissive attitudes towards doping among practitioners of cycling. Similarly, we also found studies which talk about a high percentage of bodybuilders or people engaged in weightlifting who take performance-enhancing drugs (Lucidi, Zelli, & Mallia, 2013;Nogueira, Aline de Freitas, Oliveira, Vieira, & Gouveia, 2014;Raschka, Chimiel, Preiss, & Boss, 2013;Wazaify, Bdair, Al-Hadidi, & Scott, 2014). On the other hand, there are authors like Morente-Sanchez, Mateo-March & Zabala (2014) who found in a study performed with 33 cyclists from the Spanish National Road Cycling Team that they had attitudes that were not at all permissive towards the use of performance-enhancing drugs.…”

“…Existen estudios como los llevados a cabo por Aubel & Ohl (2014), Fincoeur y Paoli (2014), López (2014), Loraschi, Galli y Cosentino (2014) o Morente-Sanchez & Zabala (2015), que afirman la existencia de actitudes permisivas hacia el dopaje por parte de personas que practican ciclismo. Del mismo modo, también encontramos investigaciones que hablan de un alto porcentaje de culturistas o personas relacionadas con el levantamiento de peso que consumen sustancias dopantes (Lucidi, Zelli, & Mallia, 2013;Nogueira, Aline de Freitas, Oliveira, Vieira, & Gouveia, 2014;Raschka, Chimiel, Preiss, & Boss, 2013;Wazaify, Bdair, Al-Hadidi, & Scott, 2014). Sin embargo, hay autores como Morente-Sanchez, Mateo-March & Zabala (2014), que encontraron en su estudio realizado a 33 ciclistas del Equipo Nacional Español de ciclismo en carretera, que estos tenían actitudes muy poco permisivas hacia el uso de sustancias dopantes.…”

Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among bodybuilders in Erbil city

“…Sixty-five percent of AAS users have received drugs randomly during the competitive season and off-season, as shown in Table 5. In the present study, the prevalence of using AAS among bodybuilders was 26.3%, a result that is comparable with or near to other studies done in Iran Hamadan, 12 Saudi Arabia, 7 UAE, Al-Ain city, 13 and Brazil 17 which revealed (28.8%, 31%, 22%, and 26% respectively), and also other studies in Jazan, Saudi Arabia(31%), 7 in UAE, Al-Ain city(22%), 13 and in Brazil (26.6%). 17 However, our result was lower compared to Baghdad city 44.8%, 15 Kuwait 35%, 8 and Iran in Bushehr 51.7%.…”

Generating evidence on the use of Image and performance enhancing drugs in the UK: results from a scoping review and expert consultation by the Anabolic Steroid UK network

“…This situation is not unique to the United Kingdom (UK) and other high-income countries such as the United States of America (USA), Australia and those within Western Europe. Research has identified widespread use of IPEDs in countries across the globe [ 8 ], including countries in the Middle East [ 9 ] and South America [ 10 , 11 ].…”