Anabolic Steroid-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Dickerman, Rob D.; Pertusi, Raymond M.; Zachariah, N. Y.; Dufour, D. Robert; McConathy, Walter J.

doi:10.1097/00042752-199901000-00007

Cited by 80 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Although the aminotransferase levels increase initially with steroid treatment, they can return to normal often while the steroids are still being used. 48 Moreover, Dickerman et al 53 have questioned whether AAS hepatotoxicity has been overstated. Two groups of body-builders were studied, one taking self-directed regimens of AASs, the other not taking steroids.…”

Section: Effects On the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

2003

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International Olympic Committee accredited laboratories play a key role in upholding the principle of fair play and innate ability, as desired by the majority of sports competitors and spectators. Not only does doping damage the image of sport, but it can also be harmful to the individual. The great majority of samples test negative but, when an adverse nding is declared, the analytical data must be of a suf ciently high standard to withstand legal challenges by third parties. The most widely misused performance-enhancing drugs are the anabolic-androgenic steroids, commonly referred to as 'anabolic steroids'. This review attempts to address the complex issues concerning anabolic steroids in sport by considering the clinical, biochemical and analytical perspectives. Fifty years of anabolic steroids and sport: an overviewThe discovery of a process for synthesizing the steroid testosterone (T) from cholesterol in 1935 1 greatly accelerated scienti¢c investigations into the e¡ects of this endogenous androgen. T rapidly became noted for its anabolic properties in increasing muscle size and strength and in its androgenic properties of increasing virilization and aggression. In a comprehensive review of the history of the use of anabolic steroids in sport, Todd 2 noted that, as early as 1945, the science writer Paul de Kreuf had speculated that`it would be interesting to watch the productive power of [a] . . . professional group [of athletes] that would try a systematic supercharge with testosterone . . .'.In the early 1950s, the ¢rst suspicion that T was actually being administered to improve sporting performance came with the allegation that Soviet weightlifters were administering T to gain strength. 2 Also, around that time, pharmaceutical companies were developing synthetic analogues of T with the aim of treating patients in a`catabolic state', the objective being to enhance the anabolic e¡ects of T and to dissociate the unwanted androgenic e¡ects (particularly to minimize the viriliz ing e¡ects). Nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) was the ¢rst synthetic analogue of T to show enough anabolic-androgenic dissociation in animal experiments 3 to justify its introduction as a therapeutic agent. 4 Subsequently, numerous analogues of T [and also its 5a-reduced metabolite, 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)] were developed (see Fig. 1), such as methandienone (methandrostenolone), oxymesterone and stanozolol (for dates of patent awards see Ref. 5). With the growing availability of these licensed compounds, competitors began to experiment with them in an attempt to gain improvements in sporting performance without imparting the full androgenic e¡ects associated with T. During the 1960s, a number of deaths occurred in sports competitors from the use of stimulants and, as a result, in 1967 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) reestablished a medical commission (an IOC Medical Commission was rst established in Athens in 1961; see Ref. 6) which banned the practice of doping in sport, the banned classes including stimula...

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Section: Effects On the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

2003

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“…Pertusi et al investigated that, in male bodybuilder who uses anabolic steroids, the blood serum biochemistries liver enzymes such as AST, ALT, and creatine kinas (CK) levels showed higher values compared to those of male bodybuilder who did not consume anabolic steroid [18]. In addition , studies revealed that blood chemistry profiles such as AST, ALT are higher than those of controls [19] in case of taking self-directed regimens of anabolic steroids bodybuilders (n = 15). Our findings in the present study indicated that eight -week ND administration causes significantly increased serum AST and ALT activity compared to those of control groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic High Doses of Nandrolone Decanoate on Blood Cell, Lipoprotein Profile, and Liver Enzymes in Male Rats

Shahraki

Mirshekari

Shahraki

2016

Zahedan J Res Med Sci

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Background: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is a doping agent and it is used by athletes. Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the chronic, high doses of ND administration on Blood cell, lipid profile, and Liver enzymes in male rats. Materials and Methods: This experiment was executed on 30 wistar-Albino male rats divided, after weighing, in control, placebo, and test groups (n = 10). Test group received 15 mg/kg intramuscular (IM) ND for duration of 8 weeks. Group placebo received the same volume of placebo although control group did not receive any agent during the trial period. At the end, animals were anesthetized by diethyl ether, scarified, and then blood samples were collected from cervical vessels immediately. Blood cell, lipoprotein profile, and liver enzymes were measured by ordinary methods. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS V. 15, via ANOVA and Tukey test.

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“…O mesmo parece ocorrer para as outras transaminases avaliadas em nosso protocolo, visto que o exercício físico resistido pode, em grande maneira, elevar o nível dessas enzimas (21) . Entretanto, o treinamento resistido per se pode elevar os níveis de algumas transaminases, como a CK (21,22) . Os valores são expressos como média ± erro padrão da média.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação descritiva sobre o uso de esteroides anabolizantes e seu efeito sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e neuroendócrinas em indivíduos que praticam exercício resistido

Venâncio¹,

Nóbrega

Tufik

et al. 2010

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOO uso dos esteroides anabolizantes vem se tornando um problema de saúde pública ao longo dos últimos anos. No bojo do uso abusivo, muitos efeitos deletérios são observados, na sua totalidade por disfunções dos vários sistemas fisiológicos. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi o de avaliar o eixo hipófise-gonadal, a função hormonal, as transaminases hepáticas e o perfil de hemograma de 61 voluntários distribuídos em três grupos: 20 usuários de esteroides anabolizantes praticantes de exercício físico resistido, 21 praticantes de exercício resistido sem uso de esteroides anabolizantes e 20 sedentários. Foi observada elevação do nível de creatina quinase nos dois grupos de indivíduos que se exercitavam de maneira resistida, em relação ao grupo de sedentários (p < 0,001). Redução das gonadotrofinas LH e FSH do grupo de usuários de esteroides anabolizantes e elevação do nível de estradiol, em comparação ao grupo sedentário e treinado que não usa esteroides anabolizantes (p < 0,001). Ainda, foi observada redução da fração HDL do colesterol, em relação aos dois grupos estudados (p < 0,001). Desta maneira, o uso dos esteroides anabolizantes causa alterações bioquímicas que podem levar a instalação de efeitos colaterais.Palavras-chave: esteróides anabolizantes, exercício físico resistido, efeitos adversos. ABSTRACTThe use of anabolic asteroids has become a public health problem over the last years. Concerning their abusive use, many deleterious effects caused in their totality by dysfunction of the various physiological systems can be observed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the hypophyseal-gonadal axis, hormone function, hepatic transaminases and hemogram profile of 61 volunteers distributed in three groups: 20 anabolic steroid users, practitioners of resisted physical exercise; 21 practitioners of resisted physical exercise with no use of anabolic steroids and 20 sedentary subjects. Increase of the creatine kinase level was observed in the two exercised groups in comparison to the sedentary group (p < 0.001). Reduction of the LH and FSH gonadotrpins of the steroid users group and increase in the estradiol level were observed in comparison to the sedentary and with no steroid use groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, reduction of the HDL cholesterol fraction was observed in comparison to the two studied groups (p < 0.001). Thus, the use of anabolic steroids causes biochemical alterations which can lead to the installation of collateral effects.

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Anabolic Steroid-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

Anabolic steroids in sport: biochemical, clinical and analytical perspectives

Chronic High Doses of Nandrolone Decanoate on Blood Cell, Lipoprotein Profile, and Liver Enzymes in Male Rats

Avaliação descritiva sobre o uso de esteroides anabolizantes e seu efeito sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e neuroendócrinas em indivíduos que praticam exercício resistido

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