Anabolic steroids alter the haemodynamic responses of the canine left ventricle

Rämö, P.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1987.tb08130.x

Cited by 26 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Neutered males, but not females, had a reduced risk for dilated cardiomyopathy strongly suggesting a permissive effect of testosterone on expression of this disease, a supposition supported by the anabolic steroid literature. Administration of anabolic steroids to dogs results in hypertrophy of cardiac muscle [74] mimicking the cardiomyopathy conditions seen in anabolic steroid use in athletes [75]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of neuter status and expression of heritable disorders

Belanger

Bellumori

Bannasch

et al. 2017

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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BackgroundGonadectomy, or neutering, is a very common surgery for dogs having many positive effects on behavior, health, and longevity. There are also certain risks associated with neutering including the development of orthopedic conditions, cognitive decline, and a predisposition to some neoplasias. This study was designed specifically to identify if a correlation exists between neuter status and inherited conditions in a large aggregate cohort of dogs representing many different breeds.ResultsNeutered dogs were at less risk for early and congenital conditions (aortic stenosis, early onset cataracts, mitral valve disease, patent ductus arteriosus, portosystemic shunt, and ventricular septal defect) than intact dogs. Neutering was also associated with reduced risk of dilated cardiomyopathy and gastric dilatation volvulus in males. Neutering was significantly associated with an increased risk for males and females for cancers (hemangiosarcoma, hyperadrenocorticism, lymphoma, mast cell tumor, and osteosarcoma), ruptured anterior cruciate ligament and epilepsy. Intervertebral disk disease was associated with increased risk in females only. For elbow dysplasia, hip dysplasia, lens luxation, and patellar luxation neutering had no significant effect on the risk for those conditions. Neutering was associated with a reduced risk of vehicular injury, a condition chosen as a control.ConclusionsIn this retrospective study, several conditions showed an increased risk associated with neutering whereas other conditions were less likely to be expressed in neutered dogs. The complexity of the interactions between neutering and inherited conditions underscores the need for reflective consultation between the client and the clinician when considering neutering. The convenience and advantages of neutering dogs that will not be included in a breeding program must be weighed against possible risk associated with neutering.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40575-017-0044-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of neuter status and expression of heritable disorders

Belanger

Bellumori

Bannasch

et al. 2017

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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“…Owners may use illegal narcotics (e.g., ephedrine, cocaine, and methamphetamine) or substances, such as gunpowder and hot sauce, to increase the aggression of animals and reduce the perception of pain during the fight [ 47 , 80 ]. These drugs are used without medical supervision, ignoring the serious cardiovascular consequences this may arise [ 81 ].…”

Section: Other Welfare Issues Arising From Dog Fighting Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Welfare of Fighting Dogs: Wounds, Neurobiology of Pain, Legal Aspects and the Potential Role of the Veterinary Profession

Mota-Rojas

Mariti

Marcet-Rius

et al. 2022

Animals

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Throughout history it has been common to practice activities which significantly impact on animal welfare. Animal fighting, including dogfighting, is a prime example where animals often require veterinary care, either to treat wounds and fractures or to manage pain associated with tissue and where death may even result. Amongst the detrimental health effects arising are the sensory alterations that these injuries cause, which not only include acute or chronic pain but can also trigger a greater sensitivity to other harmful (hyperalgesia) or even innocuous stimuli (allodynia). These neurobiological aspects are often ignored and the erroneous assumption made that the breeds engaged in organized fighting have a high pain threshold or, at least, they present reduced or delayed responses to painful stimuli. However, it is now widely recognized that the damage these dogs suffer is not only physical but psychological, emotional, and sensory. Due to the impact fighting has on canine welfare, it is necessary to propose solution strategies, especially educational ones, i.e., educating people and training veterinarians, the latter potentially playing a key role in alerting people to all dog welfare issues. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the risk factors associated with dogfighting generally (dog temperament, age, sex, nutrition, testosterone levels, environment, isolation conditions, socialization, education, or training). A neurobiological approach to this topic is taken to discuss the impact on dog pain and emotion. Finally, a general discussion of the format of guidelines and laws that seek to sanction them is presented. The role that veterinarians can play in advancing dog welfare, rehabilitating dogs, and educating the public is also considered.

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“…Im einen Fall hatte sich die Verkürzungsfraktion 9 Monate nach Absetzen des Anabolikums annähernd normalisiert [79]. Im Tierexperiment wurde eine Einschrän-kung der systolischen Funktion unter AAS nachgewiesen [61,88,92,103].…”

Section: Systolische Und Diastolische Linksventrikuläre Funktionunclassified

Kardiovaskuläre Nebenwirkungen von anabol-androgenen Steroiden

Kindermann

2006

Herz

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The intake of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) leads to an increase in skeletal muscle mass and is prohibited as a doping measure in sport. AAS abuse is not limited to competitive athletes. It is also prevalent in subjects who do body building or resistance training for cosmetic reasons only. Out of the numerous and partly serious side effects, the cardiovascular ones are presented here. An increase in left ventricular muscle mass is well documented, and some researchers have even reported concentric hypertrophy. By contrast, resistance training without AAS intake does not lead to increased ventricular wall thickness. AAS do not affect the systolic function of the left ventricle, whereas diastolic function might be impaired. Different ultrastructural myocardial alterations have been documented in animal studies. In addition, AAS can induce arterial hypertension. Blood clotting and fibrinolysis are negatively affected, and several case studies of thrombi exist in young strength athletes. Changes in the concentration of blood lipoproteins, particularly a reduction in vessel-protective HDL cholesterol, can lead to early atherosclerosis. Many case reports exist about cardiac deaths in seemingly healthy subjects-most often body builders and other strength athletes. In fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarctions patent coronary arteries were proven frequently. Besides the prothrombotic effects of AAS, an impaired endothelial function and vasospasms are discussed hypothetically as pathomechanisms. Also, cardiomyopathies can occur due to AAS abuse. On the basis of the described possible cardiovascular side effects, it can be concluded that in cases of sudden cardiac deaths in young athletes, a misuse of AS should be excluded.

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Anabolic steroids alter the haemodynamic responses of the canine left ventricle

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Correlation of neuter status and expression of heritable disorders

Correlation of neuter status and expression of heritable disorders

The Welfare of Fighting Dogs: Wounds, Neurobiology of Pain, Legal Aspects and the Potential Role of the Veterinary Profession

Kardiovaskuläre Nebenwirkungen von anabol-androgenen Steroiden

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