Anacardium occidentale

Lim, T. K.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8661-7_6

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Leaves are green, elliptic to obovate, with smooth margins and sometimes a notched tip; they are arranged in a spiral pattern toward the end of the stem with a short stalk. Usually, there are 3 to 14 leaves on each terminal stem, which become fully mature after 20-25 days after emerging (Johnson 1973;Lim 2012;Ohler 1979). Flowers are gathered in a panicle which is up to 26 cm long and bears 5 to 11 laterals.…”

Section: Botanical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter is a kidney-shaped drupe that develops at the bottom of the apple. This is the first part to ripen on the cashew tree, followed by the cashew apple (Lim 2012;Johnson 1973;Varghese and Pundir 1964). Within this fruit, there is a single seed, the cashew nut, which is surrounded by a double shell containing anacardic acid, an allergenic phenolic compound (Hemshekhar et al 2011;Lim 2012;Tyman and Morris 1967).…”

Section: Botanical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cashew, from seed to market: a review

Dendena

Corsi

2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

115

119

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International audienceCashew is a tropical tree native to South America. Cashew was introduced in Asia and Africa by European explorers in the sixteenth century. The world production of cashew raw nuts reached 4.27 million tons in 2011. Vietnam is the top producer of raw nuts, and India is the first processor and exporter of processed nuts. The cashew market is expected to remain strong due to the high growth of production in some areas such as West Africa. For instance, a 40 % production increase has been observed in Nigeria over the last 5 years. There is also an increasing exploitation of high-value by-products, particularly those made of cashew nut shell liquid. Cashew production is potentially a major value for smallholder farmers from emerging countries. Despite the relevance of cashew production on the international markets and the potential for boosting rural development and reducing poverty, a complete review on cashew is missing. Therefore, we review here the cashew production chain. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) several management practices, processing methods, and uses of products and by-products are published; (2) however, there is still a lack of knowledge due to a scattered research framework lacking integrated research programs; (3) smallholder farmers face major constraints limiting the development of cashew sector locally, ranging from difficult access to good planting material and training to lack of investment for innovating processing facilities; (4) among them, women, that account for up to 95 % of the workforce in the sector, receive lower wages and are subject to worse working conditions

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Section: Botanical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Botanical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cashew, from seed to market: a review

Dendena

Corsi

2014

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

115

119

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“…Detecting the compounds of secondary metabolism of plants provides a better understanding of their metabolic activities, permitting that their physiological mechanisms be inferred [ 1 , 3 , 4 ]. High levels of phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids and tannins, may be responsible for the antioxidant activity of the Anacardium species because several reports are attributing this property to these groups of secondary metabolites [ 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew tree) is a plant of the Anacardiaceae family, originating in the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil [ 1 ]. The Anacardium microcarpum D. (cajuí) is also found in these regions and is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatism, tumors, and infectious diseases [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Anacardium occidentale L. and Anacardium microcarpum D. Extracts on the Liver of IL‐10 Knockout Mice

Baptista

Sarandy

Gonçalves

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. The Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew) and Anacardium microcarpum D. (cajuí) are plants commonly found in Brazil. They present phytochemical compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts from leaves of A. occidentale and A. microcarpum and its effect on the hepatic tissue in experimental knockout models after they received Paracetamol®. Methods. Ethanol extracts from A. occidentale and A. microcarpum leaves were prepared. Total phenolics were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, and flavonoids are based on the complexation reaction with the aluminum metal, forming a colored complex. Fingerprint HPLC was performed to detect phenolic compounds. Knockout IL-10 mice randomly divided into six groups were used and received the following treatments: G1, only water; G2, A. occidentale extract; G3, A. microcarpum extract; G4, Paracetamol®; G5, Paracetamol® + A. occidentale extract (400 mg/kg); G6, Paracetamol® + A. microcarpum extract (400 mg/kg). Biochemical parameters of the blood and differential count of leukocytes were done. Oxidative markers and histopathological analyses were performed on their liver tissue. Results. Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were detected in both two extracts analyzed. The HPLC fingerprint detected phenolic acid, gallic acid, and catechin flavonoid in the two extracts. Histopathological analyses of the hepatic tissue permitted evaluation of nuclear increase, sinusoid congestion, and inflammatory infiltrate. A. microcarpum presented more antioxidant activity increasing antioxidant enzyme levels and reducing TBARS and carbonyl protein when compared to the other treatments after exposure to Paracetamol®. Histopathological analyses showed a decrease in the inflammatory infiltrate after treatment with extracts. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that both extracts, especially A. microcarpum, can reduce hepatic damage in knockout mice exposed to paracetamol, indicating the curative power of these extracts reducing lipid peroxidation and in the morphofunctional damage to the liver parenchyma.

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“…This specie (Anacardium occidentale) has been in use as a cure for some diseases. Extracts from root, stem and fruit of Anacardium occidentale have been used by countries' folk medicines as a remedy for many diseases such as eczema, bronchitis, cough, veneral diseases, as well as impotence and syphilis-related skin diseases 7,9 . Anacardium occidentale possess phytoconstituents such as saponins, tannins and flavonoids, which have been reported to exert antioxidant activities 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2018

IJPSR

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Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) has been used by Folk medicines as a remedy for many diseases. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative activity of methanolic stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale. Methods: Blood samples of the rats from each group were collected by tail bleeding for baseline biochemical test to know the state of the animals' liver before the inducement of the injury. Thirty (30) Wistar rats were induced with CCl 4 (1.5 ml/kg, b.wt, 20 % CCl 4 / olive oil) for five days before treatment with the extract. After induction, elevated levels of the serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST), ALP and the decreased levels of ALB as compared to the enzyme markers levels before the induction of liver injury with CCl 4 indicated hepatocellular injury. Results: Administration of the methanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale of different concentration (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.wt oral) for five days reversed the impact of CCl 4 toxicity significantly (P<0.05) on the serum markers ALT, AST and ALP of the damaged liver as compared to the negative control groups (groups administered with Normal saline). Treatment with the methanolic extract resulted in decreased levels of ALB in the blood of the rats. Discussion:The results of the study indicated that methanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale bark may possess a liver damaged curative property, which may be attributed to the presence of the phenolic compounds in the extract as shown in the phytochemical screening.

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Anacardium occidentale

Cited by 10 publications

References 76 publications

Cashew, from seed to market: a review

Cashew, from seed to market: a review

Antioxidant and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Anacardium occidentale L. and Anacardium microcarpum D. Extracts on the Liver of IL‐10 Knockout Mice

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