Anaeramoebidae fam. nov., a Novel Lineage of Anaerobic Amoebae and Amoeboflagellates of Uncertain Phylogenetic Position

Táborský, Petr; Pánek, Tomáš; Čepička, Ivan

doi:10.1016/j.protis.2017.07.005

Cited by 14 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…This is not surprising given that amoeba have often fast‐evolving 18S rRNA sequences and contain insertions. Anaerobic amoeba are relatively poorly known and some of them are so divergent that are usually classified as incertae sedis (Taborsky et al, ). Among Opisthokonta, we detected OTUs affiliating to apusomonads, metazoans (calcareous sponge), Ichthyosporea, choanoflagellates and various fungal and fungi‐related taxa (Supporting Information Table S2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial eukaryotes in the suboxic chemosynthetic ecosystem of Movile Cave, Romania

Reboul

Moreira

Bertolino

et al. 2019

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Summary Movile Cave is a small system of partially inundated galleries in limestone settings close to the Black Sea in Southeast Romania. Isolated from the surface for 6 million years, its sulfidic, methane and ammonia‐rich waters harbour unique chemosynthetic prokaryotic communities that include sulphur and ammonium‐metabolizing chemolithotrophs, methanogens, methanotrophs and methylotrophs. The cave also harbours cave‐dwelling invertebrates and fungi, but the diversity of other microbial eukaryotes remained completely unknown. Here, we apply an 18S rRNA gene‐based metabarcoding approach to study the composition of protist communities in floating microbial mats and plankton from a well‐preserved oxygen‐depleted cave chamber. Our results reveal a wide protist diversity with, as dominant groups, ciliates (Alveolata), Stramenopiles, especially bicosoecids, and jakobids (Excavata). Ciliate sequences dominated both, microbial mats and plankton, followed by either Stramenopiles or excavates. Stramenopiles were more prominent in microbial mats, whereas jakobids dominated the plankton fraction of the oxygen‐depleted water column. Mats cultured in the laboratory were enriched in Cercozoa. Consistent with local low oxygen levels, Movile Cave protists are most likely anaerobic or microaerophilic. Several newly detected OTU clades were very divergent from cultured species or environmental sequences in databases and represent phylogenetic novelty, notably within jakobids. Movile Cave protists likely cover a variety of ecological roles in this ecosystem including predation, parasitism, saprotrophy and possibly diverse prokaryote‐protist syntrophies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial eukaryotes in the suboxic chemosynthetic ecosystem of Movile Cave, Romania

Reboul

Moreira

Bertolino

et al. 2019

Environ Microbiol Rep

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“…Name introduced in [60]. m No published phylogenomic analysis, although a possible affinity with metamonads based on unpublished analyses is noted in the description [96]. n Initial small subunit (SSU) rDNA and transcriptomic data generated using single-cell methods; cultivated subsequently [61].…”

Section: Tsarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Tree of Eukaryotes

Burki

Roger

Brown

et al. 2020

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

685

534

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For 15 years, the eukaryote Tree of Life (eToL) has been divided into five to eight major groupings, known as 'supergroups'. However, the tree has been profoundly rearranged during this time. The new eToL results from the widespread application of phylogenomics and numerous discoveries of major lineages of eukaryotes, mostly free-living heterotrophic protists. The evidence that supports the tree has transitioned from a synthesis of molecular phylogenetics and biological characters to purely molecular phylogenetics. Most current supergroups lack defining morphological or cell-biological characteristics, making the supergroup label even more arbitrary than before. Going forward, the combination of traditional culturing with maturing culture-free approaches and phylogenomics should accelerate the process of completing and resolving the eToL at its deepest levels. The Eukaryote Tree of LifeResolving the evolutionary tree for all eukaryotes has been a long-standing goal in biology. Inferring an eToL that is both accurate and comprehensive is a worthwhile objective in itself, but the eToL is also the framework on which we understand the origins and history of eukaryote biology and the evolutionary processes underpinning it. It is therefore a fundamental tool for studying many aspects of eukaryote evolution, such as cell biology, genome organization, sex, and multicellularity. In the molecular era, the eToL has also become a vital resource to interpret environmental sequence data and thus reveal the diversity and composition of ecological communities.Although most of the described species of eukaryotes belong to the multicellular groups of animals (Metazoa), land plants, and fungi, it has long been clear that these three 'kingdoms' represent only a small proportion of high-level eukaryote diversity. The vast bulk of this diversity -including dozens of extant 'kingdom-level' taxa -is found within the 'protists', the eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi [1][2][3][4][5][6]. To a first approximation, inferring the eToL is to resolve the relationships among the major protist lineages. However, this task is complicated by the fact that protists are much less studied overall than animals, plants, or fungi [7]. Molecular sequence data has accumulated slowly for many known protist taxa and numerous important lineages were completely unknown (or were not cultivated, hence challenging to study) when the molecular era began. Thus, resolving the eToL has been a process where large-scale discovery of major lineages has occurred simultaneously with deep-level phylogenetic inference. This makes the task at hand analogous to a jigsaw puzzle, but one where a large and unknown number of pieces are missing from the box and instead are hidden under various pieces of the furniture. The Supergroups ModelBy the early 2000s, a model of the tree emerged that divided almost all of known eukaryote diversity among five to eight major taxa usually referred to as 'supergroups ' [8-12]. The category of supergroup was a purely informal one...

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“…We argue that symbiotic anaerobic prokaryotes play a crucial role in driving a transition to an obligately anaerobic lifestyle via removing excess byproducts from its host's cell and enabling faster metabolism rate, ultimately leading to loss of the functional aerobic metabolism while maintaining the high energy production levels necessary for large and active cells. However, such symbiotic relationships are not known only from ciliates but also from some other anaerobic protists, for example, Archamoebae (Amoebozoa), Psalteriomonadidae (Heterolobosea), or Anaeramoebidae (Eukaryota incertae sedis) [71][72][73], for which energy demands are not known, and thus, it is necessary to obtain such data from more anaerobic protists to confirm whether this hypothesis is generally plausible. In addition, methanogenic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria are by no means the only hydrogen-utilizing symbionts of anaerobic protists, as shown in small marine species Lenisia limosa (Breviatea), where its symbiont Arcobacter (Campylobacterota) oxidizes hydrogen produced by the host's MROs, congruently increasing the ATP yield [62].…”

Section: Symbiosis-associated Evolutionary Mechanism Of Transitions To Obligate Anaerobiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis

et al. 2020

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Anaeramoebidae fam. nov., a Novel Lineage of Anaerobic Amoebae and Amoeboflagellates of Uncertain Phylogenetic Position

Cited by 14 publications

References 92 publications

Microbial eukaryotes in the suboxic chemosynthetic ecosystem of Movile Cave, Romania

Microbial eukaryotes in the suboxic chemosynthetic ecosystem of Movile Cave, Romania

The New Tree of Eukaryotes

Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis

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