Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in hudson river sediments and dredged sediments in clay encapsulation

Rhee, G‐Yull; Bush, Brian; Brown, Mark P.; Kane, Maureen N.; Shane, L.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(89)90168-1

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Imprecise as it was, the total molar concentration at various time points in the present experiments showed no statistically significant change throughout the duration of the experiments, implying that the transformation involved only dechlorination. It is unclear why the results of the present study differed from that of our earlier investigations, in which we observed loss of total PCB concentration without signs of dechlorination in the ambient PCBs [28]. The difference could stem from differences in the congener profile and sediment composition, including organic contents and microbial communities.…”

Section: Microorganisms Eluted From Upper Hudsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparative study of the congener patterns between contemporary sediments in the Hudson River and the Aroclors presumed to have been initially discharged [25-271 strongly suggested that PCBs were also anaerobically dechlorinated in nature. However, when ambient PCBs from Hudson River sediments and from dredged sediments under clay encapsulation were incubated in the laboratory, no sign of dechlorination was observed; rather, the total concentration decreased significantly [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reductive dechlorination of aroclor 1242 in anaerobic sediments: Pattern, rate and concentration dependence

Rhee

Bush

Sokol

et al. 1993

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Anaerobic biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls of Hudson River sediment microorganisms was investigated using the commercial mixture Aroclor 1242 in the laboratory at six different concentrations: 120, 300, 500, 800, 1,000, and 1,500 μg/g (on a sediment dry‐weight basis). Dechlorination was concentration dependent. No change in congener composition was found at 1,000 and 1,500 μg/g during seven months of incubation, but significant shifts were observed in sediments with concentrations below 800 μg/g. A mass balance of the transformation indicated that, despite the shifts, the total molar concentration remained the same. An optimum concentration, based on the decrease of Cl per biphenyl, was 500 μg/g, but based on Cl removed per gram sediment it had a range from 500 to 800 μg/g. Dechlorination (total Cl removed per biphenyl) at 300 and 500 μg/g appeared to be first order, with rate constants of —0.039 and —0.059 per month, respectively. The rate also varied with the substitution position; it was faster for m‐Cl, followed by p‐Cl, but no o‐Cl was removed. However, the faster rate of m‐dechlorination in Aroclor 1242 was probably due to a high concentration of congeners in the Aroclor with Cl substitution patterns favoring its removal, rather than the meta‐position itself.

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Section: Microorganisms Eluted From Upper Hudsonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive dechlorination of aroclor 1242 in anaerobic sediments: Pattern, rate and concentration dependence

Rhee

Bush

Sokol

et al. 1993

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The largest amount of toxic compounds is accumulated in the subsurface silt or clay layers with anaerobic conditions (Rhee et al, 1989). At present a hundred thousand tons of POCs have been "stored" in the bottom sediments, and their continued input into the water column adds to present contamination (Afanasiev et al, 1989).…”

Section: Ddt and Hch Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ecological Risk Assessment of Riverine Contamination in the Caspian Sea Basin: A Conceptual Model for Persistent Organochlorinated Compounds

Galiulin

Bashkin

Галиулина

2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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A conceptual model of the ecological risk assessment for persistent organochlorinated compounds (POCs), like DDT, HCH, and PCBs, which contaminate reservoirs and river waters entering into the Caspian Sea is presented. The model can be used to evaluate the toxicity of POCs in these environments. Examples of this model application using POCs monitoring data for water and bottom sediments of different reservoirs and rivers of the Caspian Sea basin are presented.

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“…The degradation rate generally decreased as chlorine substi tution increased (Abramowicz, 1990;Rhee et al, 1989;Pal et al, 1980;Furukawa, 1982). PCBs containing two chlorines in the ortho positions of a single ring (for example, 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl) or in each ring (for example, 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl) showed striking resistance to biodegradation (Furukawa, 1982).…”

Section: Pcbs In the Terrestrial Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The surface soil layer of welltilled crop land is largely aerobic, though there may be microzones of anaerobic activity. PCBs can be biodegraded under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (Abramowicz, 1990;Rhee et al, 1989). The biochemical pathway for aerobic degradation of PCBs involves initial addition of 0 2 at the 2,3-position by a dioxygenase enzyme, with subsequent metabolism to chlorobenzoic acid.…”

Section: Pcbs In the Terrestrial Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disappearance and crop uptake of PCBs from sludge‐amended farmland

Gan¹,

Berthouex²

1994

Water Environment Research

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The Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) has conducted a five-year (1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990) field experiment to obtain data that provide a scientific basis for regulating land disposal of sludge con taminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Over 1 400 samples of soil and crop tissue were analyzed. This paper presents all the field data and interpretation. The experimental design included eight different sludge treatments and controls, making it possible to study the effects of sludge concentration, sludge loading rate, and sludge application pat tern on the fate of PCBs in the soil system. Each treatment was replicated three times, giving thirty test plots in all (24 sludge applications and 6 control plots). Seventy-nine PCB congeners were detected during the study and the concentration of each PCB congener was measured in the surface soil, corn stover, and corn grain. Surface runoff runoff studies were conducted in 1988 and 1990 and congener-specific PCB analyses were made on these as well. A first-order disappearance model, C = C 0 exp( -Kt), was appropriate to evaluate the disappearance of PCBs from the surface soil layer. AT is the rate constant for PCB disappearance. Results indicate that the rate constant for disappearance of each individual PCB congener in the soil was independent of the initial PCB sludge concen tration, the sludge loading rate, and sludge application pattern. Most of the 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorinated PCB congeners showed significant decreases in their soil concentration with half-lives in the range of 4 to 58 months. The more highly chlorinated PCBs were more persistent in the sludge amended farmland, but many of them did disappear. The concentration of PCBs in the runoff samples was correlated with surface soil concen tration. The PCBs were associated with the runoff sediments and there was no measurable PCB in the liquid portion of the runoff. It was con cluded that there is no PCB translocation into either corn grain or corn stover samples. The bioconcentration factor for PCBs in the crop tissues is zero. Water Environ. Res., 66, 54 (1994).

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Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in hudson river sediments and dredged sediments in clay encapsulation

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Reductive dechlorination of aroclor 1242 in anaerobic sediments: Pattern, rate and concentration dependence

Reductive dechlorination of aroclor 1242 in anaerobic sediments: Pattern, rate and concentration dependence

Ecological Risk Assessment of Riverine Contamination in the Caspian Sea Basin: A Conceptual Model for Persistent Organochlorinated Compounds

Disappearance and crop uptake of PCBs from sludge‐amended farmland

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