Anaerobic digestion of autoclaved and untreated food waste

Abstract

8Anaerobic digestion of autoclaved (160 °C, 6.2 bar) and untreated source segregated 9 food waste (FW) was compared over 473 days in semi-continuously fed mesophilic 10 reactors with trace elements supplementation, at organic loading rates (

Agronomic characteristics of five different urban waste digestates

“…Both Ludlow feedstocks were frozen (-20 °C) and sent to Natural Resources Institute Finland, to produce the FW1 and FW2 digestates, which were combined samples from two parallel reactors (a more detailed description of both digestates is provided in Tampio et al, 2014). Digestates were stored frozen (-20 °C), and were thawed before analysis.…”

“…Total COD was measured by the open reflux, titrimetric method used by the University of Southampton (modified slightly from the Vienna standard method). VFAs (volatile fatty acids: acetic, propionic, iso-butyric, n-butyric, iso-valeric, valeric and caproic acids) were analyzed using a HP 6890 gas chromatograph as described in Tampio et al (2014). TKN was analyzed by a standard method (AOAC, 1990) using a Foss Kjeltec 2400 Analyzer Unit (Foss Tecator AB, Sweden), with Cu as a catalyst and NH 4 -N determined according to McCullough (1967) The measurement of phosphorus availability was based on modified Hedley fractionation (Sharpley & Moyer, 2000, Ylivainio et al, 2008, where the fertilizer product was extracted sequentially with water, 0.5 M NaHCO 3 , 0.1 M NaOH and 1 M HCl at a ratio of 1:60.…”

“…The digestate characteristics are known to be affected by the characteristics of the feedstock (Abubaker et al, 2012, Tambone et al, 2010 as well as the anaerobic digestion process; the reactor type and process parameters (Zirkler et al, 2014). In addition, the feedstock composition can also vary depending on, e.g., waste collection regulations (Saveyn & Eder, 2014) and pretreatment prior to anaerobic digestion, which may significantly affect the digestate composition (Tampio et al, 2014). However, urban feedstocks, especially food waste and household waste, have been found to have rather uniform characteristics despite temporal or geographical differences (Davidsson et al, 2007, Valorgas, 2011.…”

Modifications of Concentrations of Plant Macronutrient Ions in Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion during Nitrification Processes

“…When anaerobic digestate is used as liquid fertilizer in soilless culture, one type of problem encountered is that it contains an excess amount of ammonium ions (NH ) 4 + [11,13,14] which were produced by degradation of proteins in anaerobic conditions [15]. This will lead to toxicity in many plant species, although the NH 4 + toxicity can be alleviated by co-provisioning of nitrate ions (NO ) 3 − [16,17].…”

Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Adsorbents from Food Waste Residue

“…An important mitigation option is the diversion of reusable materials through sorting out food waste. Accordingly, different approaches have been proposed to support the sorting and reduction of food waste, such as legislation, top-down policy, community involvement and recycling [14,15]. In recent years, the recycling of food waste gradually has become a mainstream method, and more and more attention has been paid to the reuse of food waste for environmental protection, such as fermentation of food waste mixture for cell protein, prevention of volatile fatty acids and H 2 production [16,17].…”