Anaerobic endurance of young untrained male and female subjects

Abstract

SummaryStudy aim: To assess the anaerobic endurance of untrained male and female subjects by applying repeated maximal exercises. Material and methods: Untrained male subjects aged 23 -27 years (n = 17, body height 170 -197 cm, body mass 65 -110 kg) and female ones aged 20 -25 years (n = 10, body height 168 -184 cm, body mass 55 -86 kg) performed 6 maximal cycle ergometer (CE) exercises (64 flywheel revolutions each, spaced by 15 s intermissions, the load amounting to 75 g per kg body mass) and 6 bouts of 10 push-offs on an inclined plane device (IP). Mean and maximal relative power outputs were recorded, the ratio of the two -the performance index (PI), served as a measure of anaerobic performance. Results: Men attained significantly higher maximum power outputs than women in both tests but the respective PI values were in both genders alike. Highest power outputs amounted to 10.80 ± 0.91 and 9.45 ± 0.43 W/kg (cycle ergometer) for men and women, respectively, and to 20.06 ± 3.78 and 13.70 ± 1.88 W/kg (inclined plane) for men and women, respectively. No significant differences between genders were found for the PI values in either test but significant within-gender differences were detected between tests: mean PI values (±SD) amounted to 0.799 ± 0.052 and 0.850 ± 0.063 for men (p<0.01), and 0.803 ± 0.030 and 0.875 ± 0.078 for women (p<0.05), for CE and IP, respectively. Conclusions: The performance index enabled comparing male and female subjects, as well as different exercise tests consisting of repeated, short, maximal exercises, with respect to anaerobic endurance.

Muscle Strength and Power of Elite Female and Male Swimmers

“…In different performance tests for maximal strength and muscle elasticity, females have reached 54-82% of values obtained by males [1,4,5,9,11]. Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza et al [9] reported female-to-male ratio for 6 bouts of 10 push-offs each on an inclined plane device equal 48%.…”

“…Sienkiewicz-Dianzenza et al [9] reported female-to-male ratio for 6 bouts of 10 push-offs each on an inclined plane device equal 48%. Komi and Bosco [1], Hudson and Owen [4] and Nelson and Martin [17] reported female-tomale ratio for height of CMJ equal 58%, 82% and 68%, respectively.…”

“…A statistically significant gender difference was found in SJ and countermovement jump (CMJ) (25% and 19% respectively) in Bosco et al [8] study. Female subjects attained significantly lower values than men in relative power outputs in both tests -six maximal exercises of lower extremities on a cycle ergometer (18%) and 6 bouts of 10 pushoffs each on an inclined plane device (48%) [9]. Malina et al [10] reported that grip strength, 2 kg ball throw and 20 m sprint do not differ between male and female jumpers.…”

The assessment of specific physical fitness of children aged 8 and 9 years participating in tennis classes using the Jindrich Hoehm test

“…Every coach has to remember that at every stage of training they will come across the problem of gender-based differentiation [4,21,24]. Physical fitness and sexual dimorphism, has been the subject of analysis of numerous research studies [17,20,23]. These research studies indicate that gender is one of the factors which considerably determine success in sport as well as gender-determined characteristic differences manifesting themselves in the combination of morphological, functional, and psychological traits.…”

Anaerobic endurance of young swimmers aged 12 years

“…The hydrostatic pressure facilitates expiration but exerts some resistance to inspiration; in effect, the strength of respiratory muscles and chest mobility increase. Swimming is an example of the so-called early sports in which high training loads, especially the endurance ones, ought to be applied in the period of growth in order to achieve high results [4,5,10,11,13,20]. Endurance training applied in the pre-adolescence period may increase the ‡O 2 max in swimmers by as much as 20 -30%.…”