Anaerobic Exercise and Oxidative Stress: A Review

Abstract

Oxidative stress and subsequent damage to cellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as changes to the glutathione system, are well documented in response to aerobic exercise. However, far less information is available on anaerobic exercise-induced oxidative modifications. Recent evidence indicates that high intensity anaerobic work does result in oxidative modification to the above-mentioned macromolecules in both skeletal muscle and blood. Also, it appears that chronic anaerobic exercise training can induce adaptations that act to attenuate the exercise-induced oxidative stress. These may be specific to increased antioxidant defenses and/or may act to reduce the generation of pro-oxidants during and after exercise. However, a wide variety of exercise protocols and assay procedures have been used to study oxidative stress pertaining to anaerobic work. Therefore, precise conclusions about the exact extent and location of oxidative macromolecule damage, in addition to the adaptations resulting from chronic anaerobic exercise training, are difficult to indicate. This manuscript provides a review of anaerobic exercise and oxidative stress, presenting both the acute effects of a single exercise bout and the potential for adaptations resulting from chronic anaerobic training.

Aspectos atuais sobre estresse oxidativo, exercícios físicos e suplementação

“…Although acute sessions of anaerobic exercises increase the ORS synthesis, with consequent appearance of injuries, in a situation of chronic training favorable adaptations to the antioxidant system may occur (14,19) . Individuals trained in activities predominantly anaerobic present a reduced anaerobic stress and a lower number of injuries, when compared with non-trained individuals (27,29,31) . Hellsten et al (28) have examined the effects of explosion training over the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, including the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione redutase (GR) and the superoxide dismutase (SOD).…”

“…Processo inflamatório** The increase of the ORS synthesis in anaerobic exercises may occur in different ways, such as the activation of the electrons transportation chain, the increased synthesis of the xantine oxidase and NADPH oxidase enzymes, the prolonged ischemia process and tissue reperfusion and the phagocyte activity (figure 2) (11,27,31) . Additionally, the increase of the lactic acid synthesis, catecholamine and the increased inflammatory process after anaerobic exercises with supra-maximal intensities also significantly contribute to the ORS production (31) .…”

“…Additionally, the increase of the lactic acid synthesis, catecholamine and the increased inflammatory process after anaerobic exercises with supra-maximal intensities also significantly contribute to the ORS production (31) . In the ischemia and muscular reperfusion process an increase of the oxidative stress may occur during and after exercise, especially due to the purines catabolism (31) . More specifically, during the tissue ischemia, the ATP is degraded to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and monophosphate (AMP), due to high demand of energy by the muscular tissue.…”

“…A reduction in the GSH concentration was observed, a fact which may be concerned with the regeneration of vitamins C and E. The repeated synthesis of ORS during the ischemia process and muscular reperfusion and inflammation, promoted by the anaerobic exercises practice, may result in the increase of the non-enzymatic antioxidants concentration, a mechanism characteristic of the training adaptation process. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to evaluate the effects of the anaerobic exercises over the non-enzymatic antioxidants (27,31) .…”

Consumo De Polifenóis E Sua Associação Com Conhecimento Nutricional E Atividade Física

“…Alguns pesquisadores demonstraram que a quantidade de radicais livres presente nos tecidos biológicos aumenta após o exercício e este aumento coincide com a presença de danos teciduais 25,26 .…”