Anaerobic glycolysis preceding white-matter destruction in experimental neonatal hydrocephalus

Chumas, Paul; Drake, James M.; Bigio, Marc R. Del; Silva, M. Da; Tuor, Ursula I.

doi:10.3171/jns.1994.80.3.0491

Cited by 67 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They reported that the diagnosis was made by ventriculography, but did not mention what occurred in the brain after surgery. Other reports have indicated that reconstitution of the cerebrum after shunting occurs only in the white matter [5,7,14,21,26,27]. In our case, the ventricles did not differ significantly in size at the first and forth MRI scans, but the syrinx was no longer recognizable at the fourth MRI.…”

contrasting

confidence: 49%

“…Both hydranencephaly and hydrocephalus have been known to occur concurrently with parvovirus infection [13,15]. On the other hand, experimentally induced hydrocephalus becomes apparent within 1 to 2 weeks of a kaolin injection [5,7,9,10,14,21,26,27] and the central canal dilates within 2 to 6 weeks [9,10]. As regards parvovirus infection, serum IgM and IgG levels have indicated that the infection is established within 3 days to 3 weeks after contact (Unpublished information; Nikken Bio Medical Laboratory Inc., Japan).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hydrocephalus and Syringomyelia in a Cat.

Tani

Taga

Itamot

et al. 2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. A 3-month-old male Japanese cat with feline parvovirus infection, showing central and cervical nerve abnormalities, was diagnosed as hydrocephalus and syringomyelia by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The cat was maintained clinically by medical treatment even though he could not stand. The MRI scans obtained about 5 months later showed that the ventricles had increased in size and the cervical syrinx had extended into the thoracic spinal cord. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was performed. One week after surgery, neurological conditions had improved. At the postoperative MR images, the ventricles had decreased in size and the syrinx in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord could no longer be seen. The cat was still alive and was able to walk well. KEY WORDS: feline, magnetic resonance imaging, syringomyelia.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 63(12): 1331-1334, 2001 Hydrocephalus is a term commonly used to describe a condition involving abnormal dilatation of the ventricular system within the cranium [11,15]. Viral infections such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) are a common cause of hydrocephalus in cats [15,18]. Syringomyelia has been defined as fluid-filled cavities in the substance of the spinal cord, with destruction of the nervous tissue [19]. Its cause is unknown, but it may be associated with or result from hydrocephalus [16,24]. Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are commonly used to divert the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the ventricles of the brain to the peritoneal cavity in human neurosurgery [11], and have proved to be an effective surgical treatment for hydrocephalus in dogs [15] and cats [23]. Several investigators [12,15,16,24] in the veterinary field have suggested magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be a useful technique for the antemortem diagnosis of several cranial and spinal disorders in animals. This article describes the clinical findings in, and management of, a cat with hydrocephalus and syringomyelia, together with temporal changes in MR images obtained before and after the insertion of a VP shunt.A 3-month-old male Japanese cat was referred because of severe ataxia following an inadvertent fall onto the floor from a height of about 2 m. The cat had not been vaccinated against any diseases. The owner stated that the cat had walked well until the event. Laboratory examination revealed neutrophilia (56,400/µl; Segmented neutrophils 99%, Lymphocytes 1%). Physical examination revealed severe muscular atrophy over the whole body and myotonus of all four limbs. Neurological examination revealed several cranial nerve abnormalities such as torticollis to the right, nystagmus and depression, and cervical nerve abnormalities such as clasp-knife rigidity of fore limbs. The menace response was absent, but the papillary light reflex and the palpebral reflex were normal. Asymmetry of the pupils was also observed. Patellar reflexes were exaggerated and flexor reflexes were detected in all four limbs. Elevated rectal temperatures (40.8, 40.6 and 39.6°C) were noted on days 7, 8 and 9, ...

show abstract

contrasting

confidence: 49%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocephalus and Syringomyelia in a Cat.

Tani

Taga

Itamot

et al. 2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cause of cortical and brainstem changes could be a combination of direct mechanical stresses, retrograde degeneration due to axonal injury, and chronic metabolic stresses. 1,22 A prospective trial in hydrocephalic patients undergoing intracranial pressure monitoring would be needed to determine if cortical biopsy is of any value in predicting which patients will respond to shunting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropathological Changes in Chronic Adult Hydrocephalus: Cortical Biopsies and Autopsy Findings

Bigio

Cardoso

Halliday

1997

Can. j. neurol. sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The cortical changes resulting from chronic hydrocephalus in adults are not well defined. Methods: Retrospective analysis of twenty-one patients (age 64-88 years) with a clinical diagnosis of "normal pressure hydrocephalus" who underwent cortical biopsy at the time of intracranial pressure monitoring or shunt insertion, and eight patients who were biopsied but not shunted. Eleven brains (age 26-92 years), seven from patients who could be considered to have "normal pressure hydrocephalus", were also examined following autopsy. Age-and sex-matched control brains with small ventricles and no history of dementia were compared to the hydrocephalic brains. Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were assessed semiquantitatively and a non-parametric statistical analysis was employed. Results: Five biopsies exhibited both senile plaques and rare neurofibrillary tangles, while two had only neurofibrillary tangles. Neurofibrillary tangles were more prevalent in hydrocephalic brains than in controls. There was no difference in the prevalence of senile plaques between the two groups. Grumose bodies in the substantia nigra were identified in five autopsy brains, a prevalence higher than in control brains. Conclusions: These pathological features are not specific for hydrocephalus; however, they suggest that long-standing ventriculomegaly is associated with degenerative brain changes in sites beyond the periventricular white matter. The presence of senile plaques in cortical biopsies from hydrocephalic patients does not appear to be a contraindication to shunting; however a prospective study in patients undergoing intracranial pressure monitoring would better address the issue. RESUME: Changements neuropathologiques dans rhydrocephalie chronique chez I'adulte: biopsies corticales et observations faites a l'autopsie. Introduction: Les changements corticaux consecutifs a rhydrocephalie chronique chez I'adulte sont mal definis. Methodes: Nous pr&entons une analyse retrospective de vingt-et-un patients (ages de 64 a 88 ans) chez qui un diagnostic clinique d'hydroc£phalie normotensive avait ete pose et qui ont subi une biopsie corticale au moment du monitorage de la pression intracranienne ou lors de la mise en place d'une derivation, et de huit patients chez qui on a fait une biopsie mais sans derivation. Onze cerveaux (age de 26 a 92 ans), dont sept provenant de patients qui pourraient etre consideres comme presentant une hydrocephalie normotensive, ont ete examines lors d'une autopsie. Des cerveaux controles apparies pour Page et le sexe dont les ventricules etaient petits et qui provenaient de patients ne presentant pas d'histoire de demence ont ete compares a des cerveaux hydrocephales. Les plaques seniles et les amas neurofibrillaires ont ete evalues semiquantitativement et les donnees ont ete analysees au moyen d'une methode statistique non-parametrique. Resultats: Cinq biopsies presentaient des plaques seniles et de rares amas neurofibrillaires et deux n'avaient que des amas neurofibrillaires. Les ...

show abstract

“…There have been many reports of animal models in which the pathological changes of brain were investigated to determine the mechanism of neuronal damages in hydrocephalus. Likely mechanisms may include mechanical distortion [3, 4, 5], ischemic effects [6, 7]and metabolism which includes impairment of the removal of waste products [8, 9, 10, 11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Subacute Hydrocephalus in a Rat Neonatal Model: Correlation with Functional Injury of Neurotransmitter Systems

Ishizaki¹,

Tashiro²,

Inomoto³

et al. 2000

Pediatr Neurosurg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Object: The evolution and severity of hydrocephalus in animal models varies in the species and mode of induction. This makes comparisons of the physiological system under investigation difficult between models. We noted that injection of kaolin into neonatal rats results in a dichotomous outcome into either an acute or subacute form. We investigated the clinical and functional transmitter system changes to compare these two types of hydrocephalus evolution. Methods: Hydrocephalus was induced in Wistar neonatal rats (within a week after their birth) by intracisternal injection of 0.02 ml volume of 25% kaolin solution under microscopic guidance. The same volume of sterile saline was injected into 12 neonatal rats as control group. The animals were assigned to either the acute or subacute group according to their head size, and sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Biparietal diameter, ventricular size, cholinergic interneurons in the neostriatum and dopaminergic projection neurons in the substantia nigra were analyzed at each stage. Results: Animals affected with the acute type of hydrocephalus had obvious head enlargement, rapid ventricular enlargement, and all died at about 4 weeks. Animals with subacute type had slowly progressive ventricular enlargement, and all survived until 8 weeks. There appeared to be more kaolin ventral to the brainstem in the acute type. The number of cholinergic neostriatal neurons was significantly reduced at 2 and 4 weeks in the acute type, but only at 8 weeks in the subacute type. The number of dopaminergic nigral neurons was decreased at 4 weeks in the acute type, but unaffected in the subacute type. Conclusions: The severity of onset of hydrocephalus in this animal model also correlates with the clinical outcome and changes in functional transmitter systems.

show abstract

Anaerobic glycolysis preceding white-matter destruction in experimental neonatal hydrocephalus

Cited by 67 publications

References 65 publications

Hydrocephalus and Syringomyelia in a Cat.

Hydrocephalus and Syringomyelia in a Cat.

Neuropathological Changes in Chronic Adult Hydrocephalus: Cortical Biopsies and Autopsy Findings

Acute and Subacute Hydrocephalus in a Rat Neonatal Model: Correlation with Functional Injury of Neurotransmitter Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About