Anaerobic gram-negative faecal flora in patients with Crohn's Disease and healthy subjects

Embden, J. G. H. Ruseler-Van; Both-Patoir, H. C.

doi:10.1007/bf00393670

Cited by 80 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In Crohn's disease, Enterobacteriaceae were observed significantly more frequently than in healthy patients, while there was no difference between active and quiescent disease [42]. Furthermore, a decrease in fecal concentrations of Bifidobacteria in Crohn's disease and in patients with active pouchitis has been reported [43].…”

Section: Ibd As the Results Of An Aberrant Intestinal Microflora?mentioning

confidence: 93%

Rationale for Probiotic and Antibiotic Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Schultz

Schölmerich

Rath³

2003

Dig Dis

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), commonly referred to as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic aggressive disorders which share many similarities concerning pathomechanism and clinical course, but have very distinct features. Both entities are mainly located in areas with high bacterial concentrations, such as the terminal ileum and cecum in Crohn’s disease and the rectum in ulcerative colitis. In recent years, overwhelming evidence accumulated, supporting the hypothesis that IBD are characterized by a genetically determined, overly aggressive immune response towards ubiquitous luminal antigens, especially commensal bacteria and their products. Trials in both human IBD and experimental colitis have demonstrated that broad-spectrum antibiotics may influence the course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease and antibiotics with narrow activity against the anaerobic fraction of the flora can prevent relapse in Crohn’s disease after surgically induced remission. Since relevant antibiotic strategies can be associated with some side effects, the ongoing research recently focused on alternative methods to modify the intestinal flora in patients with IBD. Clinical observations including few controlled trials, basic research, and animal studies have suggested a potential role for probiotic bacteria within the treatment regimens for IBD. However, the mode of action of these organisms is still largely unclear and in vitro studies are inconclusive. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo data regarding the role of the intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation and possible therapeutic mechanisms of probiotic bacteria relevant to IBD. Furthermore, we will review clinical trials examining the efficacy of antibiotic and probiotic treatment strategies in IBD.

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Section: Ibd As the Results Of An Aberrant Intestinal Microflora?mentioning

confidence: 93%

Rationale for Probiotic and Antibiotic Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Schultz

Schölmerich

Rath³

2003

Dig Dis

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“…Ruseler-van Embden & Both-Patoir (1983) observed an increase in predominantly anaerobic flora, especially Bacteroides spp., in active Crohn's disease, whilst Hartley et al (1992) isolated a higher level of Bacteroides spp. from patients with active UC, whether at first onset or upon release, than from patients with inactive disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Bacteroides and Prevotella spp. in ulcerative colitis

Lucke¹,

Miehlke

Jacobs

et al. 2006

Journal of Medical Microbiology

218

150

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“…Its Polysaccharide A (PSA) component has been shown to inhibit Helicobacter hepaticus-induced experimental colitis in mice [157] and to directly induce the anti-inflammatory function of Foxp3 + Treg cells by acting on TLR2 [158]. Although early observations suggested a higher abundance of Bacteroides fragilis in IBD patients [159], recent studies found lower levels of this commensal [146,147].…”

Section: The Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 82%

Gut Inflammation: Current Update on Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanism and Pharmacological Treatment Modalities

Gyires¹,

Tóth²,

Zádori

2014

CPD

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. The two main forms of IBD are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. According to the recent concept the disease is caused by a combination of factors, including genetics, immune dysregulation, barrier dysfunction and the change in microbial flora. Environmental factors, such as changes in diet, antibiotic use, smoking or improved domestic hygiene (e.g. eradication of intestinal helminths) probably contribute to the development and increased prevalence of IBD. Dysregulation of mucosal immunity in IBD causes an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines which resulted in uncontrolled intestinal inflammation. Based on extensive research over the last decade, besides the conventional therapy, there are several novel pathways and specific targets, on which focus new therapeutics. New therapeutics aim 1./ to correct genetic susceptibility by stimulating NOD2 expression, TLR3 signaling or inhibition of TLR4 pathway, 2./ to restore the immune dysregulation by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, IL-21), Th1 polarisation (IL-2, IL-12, IL-23, IFN-), T-cell activation, leukocyte adhesion, as well as by immunostimulation (GM-CSF, G-CSF) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-11, IFN--1a), 3./ to restore mucosal barrier function and stimulate mucosal healing by different growth factors, such as GH, EGF, KGF, TGF-, VEGF, 4./ to restore the normal bacterial flora by antibiotics, probiotics. However, in spite of these numerous potential targets, the true value and clinical significance of most of the new biologics and molecules are not clear yet.

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Anaerobic gram-negative faecal flora in patients with Crohn's Disease and healthy subjects

Cited by 80 publications

References 20 publications

Rationale for Probiotic and Antibiotic Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Rationale for Probiotic and Antibiotic Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Prevalence of Bacteroides and Prevotella spp. in ulcerative colitis

Gut Inflammation: Current Update on Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanism and Pharmacological Treatment Modalities

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